Difference between revisions of "Notes:macOS"

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Stuff for macOS and OS X
 
Stuff for macOS and OS X
  
{{Info|[2020-11-19] These notes aren't fully formatted yet as I've simply copied them from my personal notes. I'll fix them with time.}}
+
{{Info|[2020-11-19] These notes aren’t fully formatted yet as I’ve simply copied them from my personal notes. I’ll fix them with time.}}
  
# References
+
 
 +
 
 +
= References =
  
 
http://serverfault.com/questions/7346/what-are-useful-command-line-commands-on-mac-os-x
 
http://serverfault.com/questions/7346/what-are-useful-command-line-commands-on-mac-os-x
  
# Keyboard Shortcut Symbols
 
  
[Back up and share text replacements on Mac](https://support.apple.com/guide/mac-help/back-up-and-share-text-replacements-on-mac-mchl2a7bd795/mac)
 
  
## Symbols
+
= Keyboard Shortcut Symbols =
 +
 
 +
[https://support.apple.com/guide/mac-help/back-up-and-share-text-replacements-on-mac-mchl2a7bd795/mac Back up and share text replacements on Mac]
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
== Symbols ==
  
 
Common symbols used by macOS.
 
Common symbols used by macOS.
  
| Description | Symbol | Note |
+
{|
| -------- | --- | --- |
+
!width="57%"| Description
| Apple   |  | ⌘-Option-K (works on a Mac, but might be different on other OSes)
+
!width="21%"| Symbol
| Command | ⌘
+
!width="21%"| Note
| Delete   | ⌫
+
|-
| Escape   | ⎋ / ␛
+
| Apple
| Fn-Down | ⇟
+
| 
| Fn-Left | ↖︎
+
| ⌘-Option-K (works on a Mac, but might be different on other OSes)
| Fn-Right | ↘︎
+
|-
| Fn-Up   | ⇞
+
| Command
| Option   | ⌥
+
| ⌘
| Power   | ⌽ | substitute as there isn't a good one; http://unicodepowersymbol.com/
+
|
| Return   | ⏎
+
|-
| Shift   | ⇧
+
| Delete
| Tab     | ⇥
+
| ⌫
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Escape
 +
| ⎋ / ␛
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Fn-Down
 +
| ⇟
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Fn-Left
 +
| ↖︎
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Fn-Right
 +
| ↘︎
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Fn-Up
 +
| ⇞
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Option
 +
| ⌥
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Power
 +
| ⌽
 +
| substitute as there isn’t a good one; http://unicodepowersymbol.com/
 +
|-
 +
| Return
 +
| ⏎
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Shift
 +
| ⇧
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Tab
 +
| ⇥
 +
|
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
 
  
## Accents
+
== Accents ==
  
 
Method 1: To type an accented or alternate version of a character, hold a key down until its alternate characters are displayed. (https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201586)
 
Method 1: To type an accented or alternate version of a character, hold a key down until its alternate characters are displayed. (https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201586)
Line 39: Line 89:
 
Method 3: Open Character Palette with Control-Command-Space. Find the desired character, then drag the character with the mouse into place to insert.
 
Method 3: Open Character Palette with Control-Command-Space. Find the desired character, then drag the character with the mouse into place to insert.
  
| Name       | Example | Shortcut + Char |
+
{|
| ---------- | ------- | -------- |
+
! Name
| Acute     | ó Ó     | Option-E, V
+
! Example
| Circumflex | ô Ô     | Option-I, V
+
! Shortcut + Char
| Grave     | ò Ò     | Option-\`, V
+
|-
| Tilde     | õ Õ     | Option-N, V (only works with a, n, and o)
+
| Acute
| Umlaut     | ö Ö     | Option-U, V
+
| ó Ó
 +
| Option-E, V
 +
|-
 +
| Circumflex
 +
| ô Ô
 +
| Option-I, V
 +
|-
 +
| Grave
 +
| ò Ò
 +
| Option-`, V
 +
|-
 +
| Tilde
 +
| õ Õ
 +
| Option-N, V (only works with a, n, and o)
 +
|-
 +
| Umlaut
 +
| ö Ö
 +
| Option-U, V
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
 
  
## Letters
+
== Letters ==
  
| Letter | Shortcut | Description |
+
{|
| ------ | -------- | ----------- |
+
! Letter
| å | Option-A |
+
! Shortcut
| ç | Option-C |
+
! Description
| ø | Option-O |
+
|-
| ß | Option-S | Eszett
+
| å
| æ Option-' |
+
| Option-A
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| ç
 +
| Option-C
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| ø
 +
| Option-O
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| ß
 +
| Option-S
 +
| Eszett
 +
|-
 +
| æ
 +
| Option-
 +
|
 +
|}
  
## Math Symbols
 
  
Approximately : (≈) Option-X
 
Degree : (°) Shift-Option-8
 
Delta : (∆) Option-J
 
Division : (÷) Option-/
 
GreaterOrEqual : (≥) Option-.
 
Infinity : (∞) Option-5
 
Intergal : (∫) Option-B
 
LessOrEqual : (≤) Option-,
 
Micro : (µ) Option-M
 
Ohm : (Ω) Option-Z
 
PartialDerivative : (∂) Option-D
 
PerMil : (‰) Shift-Option-R
 
Pi : (π) Option-P
 
Plus/Minus : (±) Shift-Option-=
 
ProductPi : (∏) Shift-Option-P
 
SquareRoot : (√) Option-V
 
Sum : (∑) Option-W
 
  
## Punctuation
+
== Math Symbols ==
  
Copyright : (©) Option+G
+
Approximately : () Option-X Degree : (°) Shift-Option-8 Delta : (∆) Option-J Division : (÷) Option-/ GreaterOrEqual : (≥) Option-. Infinity : (∞) Option-5 Intergal : (∫) Option-B LessOrEqual : () Option-, Micro : (µ) Option-M Ohm : (Ω) Option-Z PartialDerivative : () Option-D PerMil : (‰) Shift-Option-R Pi : (π) Option-P Plus/Minus : (±) Shift-Option-= ProductPi : () Shift-Option-P SquareRoot : () Option-V Sum : () Option-W
Dagger : () Option+T
 
Dot : () Option+8
 
EmDash : () Option+Shift+-
 
EnDash : () Option+-
 
Paragraph : () Option+7
 
Registered : (®) Option+R
 
Section : (§) Option+6
 
Trademark : () Option+2
 
  
## General
 
  
Command-F2 : Act as external display on iMac
 
Command-Delete : Delete a file
 
Command-Shift-3 : Capture screen
 
Command-Shift-4 : Capture window with cursor selection
 
Command-Shift-4 + Space : Capture window
 
Command-Shift-5 : Record cropped window
 
Command-Shift-5 + Space : Record a window
 
Command-Shift-Q : Log out with confirmation
 
Command-Shift-Option-Q : Log out without confirmation
 
  
## Documents
+
== Punctuation ==
  
| Key combination  | Description                                                  |
+
Copyright : (©) Option+G Dagger : (†) Option+T Dot : (•) Option+8 EmDash : (—) Option+Shift+- EnDash : (–) Option+- Paragraph : (¶) Option+7 Registered : (®) Option+R Section : (§) Option+6 Trademark : (™) Option+2
| ---------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
 
| ⌘-B              | Boldface the selected text, or turn boldfacing on or off.    |
 
| ⌘-Option-C      | Copy Style: Copy the formatting settings of the selected item to the Clipboard. |
 
| ⌘-D              | Select the Desktop folder from within an Open dialog or Save dialog. |
 
| ⌘-Control-D      | Show or hide the definition of the selected word.            |
 
| ⌘-Option-F      | Go to the search field.                                      |
 
| ⌘-I              | Italicise the selected text, or turn italics on or off.      |
 
| ⌘-Option-I      | Show or hide the inspector window.                          |
 
| ⌘-L              | During software installation, show a log of actions.        |
 
| ⌘-Shift-P        | Page setup: Display a window for selecting document settings. |
 
| ⌘-Shift-S        | Display the ave As dialog, or duplicate the current document. |
 
| ⌘-T              | Show or hide the Fonts window.                              |
 
| ⌘-Option-T      | Show or hide a toolbar in the app.                          |
 
| ⌘-U              | Underline the selected text, or turn underlining on or off.  |
 
| ⌘-Option-V      | Paste Style: Apply the copied style to the selected item.    |
 
| ⌘-Option-Shift-V | Paste and Match Style: Apply the style of the surrounding content to the item pasted within that content. |
 
| ⌘-;              | Fix misspelled words in the document.                        |
 
| ⌘-Shift-:       | Display the Spelling and Grammar window                      |
 
| ⌘-⌫              | Select Delete or Don't Save in a dialog that contains a Delete or Don't Save button. |
 
  
Command–DownArrow : Move the insertion point to the end of the document.
 
Command–Equal : ... performs the same function.
 
Command–LeftArrow : Move the insertion point to the beginning of the current line.
 
Command–LeftCurlyBracket : Left align.
 
Command–RightArrow : Move the insertion point to the end of the current line.
 
Command–RightCurlyBracket : Right align.
 
Command–Shift–DownArrow : Select the text between the insertion point and the end of the document.
 
Command–Shift–LeftArrow : Select the text between the insertion point and the beginning of the current line.
 
Command–Shift–Minus : Decrease the size of the selected item.
 
Command–Shift–Plus : Increase the size of the selected item.
 
Command–Shift–QuestionMark : Open the Help menu.
 
Command–Shift–RightArrow : Select the text between the insertion point and the end of the current line.
 
Command–Shift–UpArrow : Select the text between the insertion point and the beginning of the document.
 
Command–Shift–VerticalBar : Center align.
 
Command–UpArrow : Move the insertion point to the beginning of the document.
 
Control-A : Move to the beginning of the line or paragraph.
 
Control-B : Move one character backward.
 
Control-D : Delete the character to the right of the insertion point. Or use Fn-Delete.
 
Control-E : Move to the end of a line or paragraph.
 
Control-F : Move one character forward.
 
Control-H : Delete the character to the left of the insertion point. Or use Delete.
 
Control-K : Delete the text between the insertion point and the end of the line or paragraph.
 
Control-L : Center the cursor or selection in the visible area.
 
Control-N : Move down one line.
 
Control-O : Insert a new line after the insertion point.
 
Control-P : Move up one line.
 
Control-T : Swap the character behind the insertion point with the character in front of the insertion point.
 
Fn-Delete : Forward delete on keyboards that don't have a Forward Delete  key. Or use Control-D.
 
Fn–DownArrow : Page Down: Scroll down one page.
 
Fn–LeftArrow : Home: Scroll to the beginning of a document.
 
Fn–RightArrow : End: Scroll to the end of a document.
 
Fn–UpArrow : Page Up: Scroll up one page.
 
Option-Delete : Delete the word to the left of the insertion point.
 
Option–LeftArrow : Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word.
 
Option–RightArrow : Move the insertion point to the end of the next word.
 
Shift–DownArrow : Extend text selection to the nearest character at the same horizontal location on the line below.
 
Shift–LeftArrow : Extend text selection one character to the left.
 
Shift–Option–DownArrow : Extend text selection to the end of the current paragraph, then to the end of the following paragraph if pressed again.
 
Shift–Option–LeftArrow : Extend text selection to the beginning of the current word, then to the beginning of the following word if pressed again.
 
Shift–Option–RightArrow : Extend text selection to the end of the current word, then to the end of the following word if pressed again.
 
Shift–Option–UpArrow : Extend text selection to the beginning of the current paragraph, then to the beginning of the following paragraph if pressed again.
 
Shift–RightArrow : Extend text selection one character to the right.
 
Shift–UpArrow : Extend text selection to the nearest character at the same horizontal location on the line above.
 
  
## Booting
 
  
https://support.apple.com/en-eg/HT201255
+
== General ==
http://www.tech-recipes.com/rx/2818/os_x_ten_boot_options_for_leopard/
 
  
| Key                                              | Desc                                                        |
+
Command-F2 : Act as external display on iMac Command-Delete : Delete a file Command-Shift-3 : Capture screen Command-Shift-4 : Capture window with cursor selection Command-Shift-4 + Space : Capture window Command-Shift-5 : Record cropped window Command-Shift-5 + Space : Record a window Command-Shift-Q : Log out with confirmation Command-Shift-Option-Q : Log out without confirmation
| ------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
 
| C                                                | Boot from CD/DVD                                            |
 
| D / Option-D                                      | Diagnostics or Apple Hardware Test mode / via-Internet. 1) Unplug MacBook Pro from power, and fully power off the machine. 2) Power on and press-and-hold the D key. 3) Release when prompted to choose a language. |
 
| N                                                | Netboot                                                      |
 
| R                                                | PowerBook Display Reset                                      |
 
| T                                                | Target disk mode                                            |
 
| X                                                | Startup from OS X instead of from non-OS X startup          |
 
| ⌘-Option-P-R                                      | Reset PRAM. Do immediately after powering on, and release after 2nd Apple logo or 20sec, whichever comes first. |
 
| ⌘-R / ⌘-Option-R                                  | OS X Recovery / over the Internet                            |
 
| Command-S                                        | Single User Mode                                            |
 
| Command-V                                        | Verbose Boot                                                |
 
| LeftShift-Control-Option-Power                    | [Reset SMC](https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201295). Do with power off. Hold for 10 sec, then power on again. |
 
| Left_Mouse / F12 / mouse_button / trackpad_button | Eject Media                                                  |
 
| Option                                            | Startup Manager                                              |
 
| Option-D                                          | Diagnostics or Apple Hardware Test via Internet              |
 
| Option-N                                          | NetBoot using default image                                  |
 
| Shift                                            | Safe Mode                                                    |
 
  
# Downloads
 
  
[How to create a bootable installer for macOS](https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201372)
 
  
10.15 [Catalina](https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/macos-catalina/id1466841314?ls=1&mt=12)
+
== Documents ==
  
```
+
{|
sudo /Applications/Install\ macOS\ Catalina.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia \
+
!width="21%"| Key combination
  --volume /Volumes/MyVolume
+
!width="78%"| Description
```
+
|-
 +
| ⌘-B
 +
| Boldface the selected text, or turn boldfacing on or off.
 +
|-
 +
| ⌘-Option-C
 +
| Copy Style: Copy the formatting settings of the selected item to the Clipboard.
 +
|-
 +
| ⌘-D
 +
| Select the Desktop folder from within an Open dialog or Save dialog.
 +
|-
 +
| ⌘-Control-D
 +
| Show or hide the definition of the selected word.
 +
|-
 +
| ⌘-Option-F
 +
| Go to the search field.
 +
|-
 +
| ⌘-I
 +
| Italicise the selected text, or turn italics on or off.
 +
|-
 +
| ⌘-Option-I
 +
| Show or hide the inspector window.
 +
|-
 +
| ⌘-L
 +
| During software installation, show a log of actions.
 +
|-
 +
| ⌘-Shift-P
 +
| Page setup: Display a window for selecting document settings.
 +
|-
 +
| ⌘-Shift-S
 +
| Display the ave As dialog, or duplicate the current document.
 +
|-
 +
| ⌘-T
 +
| Show or hide the Fonts window.
 +
|-
 +
| ⌘-Option-T
 +
| Show or hide a toolbar in the app.
 +
|-
 +
| ⌘-U
 +
| Underline the selected text, or turn underlining on or off.
 +
|-
 +
| ⌘-Option-V
 +
| Paste Style: Apply the copied style to the selected item.
 +
|-
 +
| ⌘-Option-Shift-V
 +
| Paste and Match Style: Apply the style of the surrounding content to the item pasted within that content.
 +
|-
 +
| ⌘-;
 +
| Fix misspelled words in the document.
 +
|-
 +
| ⌘-Shift-:
 +
| Display the Spelling and Grammar window
 +
|-
 +
| ⌘-⌫
 +
| Select Delete or Don’t Save in a dialog that contains a Delete or Don’t Save button.
 +
|}
  
10.14 [Mojave](https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/macos-mojave/id1398502828?ls=1&mt=12)
+
Command–DownArrow : Move the insertion point to the end of the document. Command–Equal : … performs the same function. Command–LeftArrow : Move the insertion point to the beginning of the current line. Command–LeftCurlyBracket : Left align. Command–RightArrow : Move the insertion point to the end of the current line. Command–RightCurlyBracket : Right align. Command–Shift–DownArrow : Select the text between the insertion point and the end of the document. Command–Shift–LeftArrow : Select the text between the insertion point and the beginning of the current line. Command–Shift–Minus : Decrease the size of the selected item. Command–Shift–Plus : Increase the size of the selected item. Command–Shift–QuestionMark : Open the Help menu. Command–Shift–RightArrow : Select the text between the insertion point and the end of the current line. Command–Shift–UpArrow : Select the text between the insertion point and the beginning of the document. Command–Shift–VerticalBar : Center align. Command–UpArrow : Move the insertion point to the beginning of the document. Control-A : Move to the beginning of the line or paragraph. Control-B : Move one character backward. Control-D : Delete the character to the right of the insertion point. Or use Fn-Delete. Control-E : Move to the end of a line or paragraph. Control-F : Move one character forward. Control-H : Delete the character to the left of the insertion point. Or use Delete. Control-K : Delete the text between the insertion point and the end of the line or paragraph. Control-L : Center the cursor or selection in the visible area. Control-N : Move down one line. Control-O : Insert a new line after the insertion point. Control-P : Move up one line. Control-T : Swap the character behind the insertion point with the character in front of the insertion point. Fn-Delete : Forward delete on keyboards that don’t have a Forward Delete key. Or use Control-D. Fn–DownArrow : Page Down: Scroll down one page. Fn–LeftArrow : Home: Scroll to the beginning of a document. Fn–RightArrow : End: Scroll to the end of a document. Fn–UpArrow : Page Up: Scroll up one page. Option-Delete : Delete the word to the left of the insertion point. Option–LeftArrow : Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word. Option–RightArrow : Move the insertion point to the end of the next word. Shift–DownArrow : Extend text selection to the nearest character at the same horizontal location on the line below. Shift–LeftArrow : Extend text selection one character to the left. Shift–Option–DownArrow : Extend text selection to the end of the current paragraph, then to the end of the following paragraph if pressed again. Shift–Option–LeftArrow : Extend text selection to the beginning of the current word, then to the beginning of the following word if pressed again. Shift–Option–RightArrow : Extend text selection to the end of the current word, then to the end of the following word if pressed again. Shift–Option–UpArrow : Extend text selection to the beginning of the current paragraph, then to the beginning of the following paragraph if pressed again. Shift–RightArrow : Extend text selection one character to the right. Shift–UpArrow : Extend text selection to the nearest character at the same horizontal location on the line above.
  
```
 
sudo /Applications/Install\ macOS\ Mojave.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia \
 
  --volume /Volumes/MyVolume
 
```
 
  
10.13 [High Sierra](https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/macos-high-sierra/id1246284741?ls=1&mt=12)
 
  
```
+
== Booting ==
sudo /Applications/Install\ macOS\ High\ Sierra.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia \
 
  --volume /Volumes/MyVolume
 
```
 
  
10.12 [Yosemite](http://updates-http.cdn-apple.com/2019/cert/061-41343-20191023-02465f92-3ab5-4c92-bfe2-b725447a070d/InstallMacOSX.dmg)
+
https://support.apple.com/en-eg/HT201255 http://www.tech-recipes.com/rx/2818/os_x_ten_boot_options_for_leopard/
  
10.11 [El Capitan](http://updates-http.cdn-apple.com/2019/cert/061-41424-20191024-218af9ec-cf50-4516-9011-228c78eda3d2/InstallMacOSX.dmg)
+
{|
 +
!width="44%"| Key
 +
!width="55%"| Desc
 +
|-
 +
| C
 +
| Boot from CD/DVD
 +
|-
 +
| D / Option-D
 +
| Diagnostics or Apple Hardware Test mode / via-Internet. 1) Unplug MacBook Pro from power, and fully power off the machine. 2) Power on and press-and-hold the D key. 3) Release when prompted to choose a language.
 +
|-
 +
| N
 +
| Netboot
 +
|-
 +
| R
 +
| PowerBook Display Reset
 +
|-
 +
| T
 +
| Target disk mode
 +
|-
 +
| X
 +
| Startup from OS X instead of from non-OS X startup
 +
|-
 +
| ⌘-Option-P-R
 +
| Reset PRAM. Do immediately after powering on, and release after 2nd Apple logo or 20sec, whichever comes first.
 +
|-
 +
| ⌘-R / ⌘-Option-R
 +
| OS X Recovery / over the Internet
 +
|-
 +
| Command-S
 +
| Single User Mode
 +
|-
 +
| Command-V
 +
| Verbose Boot
 +
|-
 +
| LeftShift-Control-Option-Power
 +
| [https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201295 Reset SMC]. Do with power off. Hold for 10 sec, then power on again.
 +
|-
 +
| Left_Mouse / F12 / mouse_button / trackpad_button
 +
| Eject Media
 +
|-
 +
| Option
 +
| Startup Manager
 +
|-
 +
| Option-D
 +
| Diagnostics or Apple Hardware Test via Internet
 +
|-
 +
| Option-N
 +
| NetBoot using default image
 +
|-
 +
| Shift
 +
| Safe Mode
 +
|}
  
```
 
sudo /Applications/Install\ OS\ X\ El\ Capitan.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia \
 
  --volume /Volumes/MyVolume \
 
  --applicationpath /Applications/Install\ OS\ X\ El\ Capitan.app
 
```
 
  
10.10 [Sierra](http://updates-http.cdn-apple.com/2019/cert/061-39476-20191023-48f365f4-0015-4c41-9f44-39d3d2aca067/InstallOS.dmg)
 
  
```
+
= Downloads =
$ sudo /Applications/Install\ OS\ X\ Sierra.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia \
+
 
 +
[https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201372 How to create a bootable installer for macOS]
 +
 
 +
10.15 [https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/macos-catalina/id1466841314?ls=1&mt=12 Catalina]
 +
 
 +
<pre>sudo /Applications/Install\ macOS\ Catalina.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia \
 +
  --volume /Volumes/MyVolume</pre>
 +
10.14 [https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/macos-mojave/id1398502828?ls=1&mt=12 Mojave]
 +
 
 +
<pre>sudo /Applications/Install\ macOS\ Mojave.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia \
 +
  --volume /Volumes/MyVolume</pre>
 +
10.13 [https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/macos-high-sierra/id1246284741?ls=1&mt=12 High Sierra]
 +
 
 +
<pre>sudo /Applications/Install\ macOS\ High\ Sierra.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia \
 +
  --volume /Volumes/MyVolume</pre>
 +
10.12 [http://updates-http.cdn-apple.com/2019/cert/061-41343-20191023-02465f92-3ab5-4c92-bfe2-b725447a070d/InstallMacOSX.dmg Yosemite]
 +
 
 +
10.11 [http://updates-http.cdn-apple.com/2019/cert/061-41424-20191024-218af9ec-cf50-4516-9011-228c78eda3d2/InstallMacOSX.dmg El Capitan]
 +
 
 +
<pre>sudo /Applications/Install\ OS\ X\ El\ Capitan.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia \
 
   --volume /Volumes/MyVolume \
 
   --volume /Volumes/MyVolume \
   --applicationpath /Applications/Install\ OS\ X\ Sierra.app
+
   --applicationpath /Applications/Install\ OS\ X\ El\ Capitan.app</pre>
```
+
10.10 [http://updates-http.cdn-apple.com/2019/cert/061-39476-20191023-48f365f4-0015-4c41-9f44-39d3d2aca067/InstallOS.dmg Sierra]
  
 +
<pre>$ sudo /Applications/Install\ OS\ X\ Sierra.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia \
 +
  --volume /Volumes/MyVolume \
 +
  --applicationpath /Applications/Install\ OS\ X\ Sierra.app</pre>
 
10.9 Maverics
 
10.9 Maverics
  
```
+
<pre>$ sudo /Applications/Install\ OS\ X\ Mavericks.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia \
$ sudo /Applications/Install\ OS\ X\ Mavericks.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia \
 
 
   --volume /Volumes/MyVolume \
 
   --volume /Volumes/MyVolume \
   --applicationpath /Applications/Install\ OS\ X\ Mavericks.app
+
   --applicationpath /Applications/Install\ OS\ X\ Mavericks.app</pre>
```
+
[https://support.apple.com/downloads/tiger Legacy]
  
[Legacy](https://support.apple.com/downloads/tiger)
+
See also: https://appleinsider.com/articles/19/11/23/how-to-get-an-old-macos-installer-from-apple
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
= File systems =
  
See also: https://appleinsider.com/articles/19/11/23/how-to-get-an-old-macos-installer-from-apple
 
  
# File systems
 
  
## Create ISO from CDR
+
== Create ISO from CDR ==
  
 
https://forums.macrumors.com/threads/converting-cdr-to-iso.783690/
 
https://forums.macrumors.com/threads/converting-cdr-to-iso.783690/
Line 255: Line 338:
 
Convert a CDR to ISO.
 
Convert a CDR to ISO.
  
```console
+
<pre>$ hdiutil makehybrid -iso -joliet -o diskimage.iso diskimage.cdr</pre>
$ hdiutil makehybrid -iso -joliet -o diskimage.iso diskimage.cdr
+
 
```
 
  
## Write ISO to USB
+
== Write ISO to USB ==
  
 
For bootable images, use one of:
 
For bootable images, use one of:
  
- [Etcher](https://www.balena.io/etcher/) -- **recommended** for bootable CD/DVD
+
* [https://www.balena.io/etcher/ Etcher] – '''recommended''' for bootable CD/DVD
- [UNetbootin](http://unetbootin.github.io/) -- useful if additional FreeDOS boot is needed (e.g. for firmware upgrades)
+
* [http://unetbootin.github.io/ UNetbootin] – useful if additional FreeDOS boot is needed (e.g. for firmware upgrades)
  
 
For data only…
 
For data only…
Line 270: Line 352:
 
https://snipt.net/w00kie/how-do-i-burn-an-iso-on-a-usb-drive-on-mac-os-x/
 
https://snipt.net/w00kie/how-do-i-burn-an-iso-on-a-usb-drive-on-mac-os-x/
  
Convert the file to a Disk Image. Note a `.dmg` extension will be added.
+
Convert the file to a Disk Image. Note a <code>.dmg</code> extension will be added.
 
 
```console
 
$ hdiutil convert -format UDRW -o /path/to/target /path/to/original.iso
 
```
 
  
 +
<pre>$ hdiutil convert -format UDRW -o /path/to/target /path/to/original.iso</pre>
 
Find current devices
 
Find current devices
  
```console
+
<pre>$ diskutil list</pre>
$ diskutil list
 
```
 
 
 
 
Unmount device
 
Unmount device
  
```console
+
<pre>$ diskutil unmountDisk /dev/diskN</pre>
$ diskutil unmountDisk /dev/diskN
 
```
 
 
 
 
Write to USB
 
Write to USB
  
```console
+
<pre>$ sudo dd if=/path/to/target.dmg of=/dev/rdiskN bs=1m</pre>
$ sudo dd if=/path/to/target.dmg of=/dev/rdiskN bs=1m
+
Eject the disk
```
 
  
Eject the disk
+
<pre>$ diskutil eject /dev/diskN</pre>
  
```console
 
$ diskutil eject /dev/diskN
 
```
 
  
## Format a disk from the command-line
+
== Format a disk from the command-line ==
  
 
Format with JHFS+ (Journaled HFS+) with a GPT partition layout.
 
Format with JHFS+ (Journaled HFS+) with a GPT partition layout.
  
    diskutil eraseDisk jhfs+ "ICY BOX 500G" gpt /dev/diskX
+
<pre>diskutil eraseDisk jhfs+ &quot;ICY BOX 500G&quot; gpt /dev/diskX</pre>
  
## Create custom CoreStorage drive
+
 
 +
== Create custom CoreStorage drive ==
  
 
http://www.cnet.com/how-to/how-to-make-a-custom-corestorage-drive-in-os-x/
 
http://www.cnet.com/how-to/how-to-make-a-custom-corestorage-drive-in-os-x/
Line 312: Line 382:
 
Create a CoreStorage volume. Will be using disk0 (SSD) and disk1 (HDD).
 
Create a CoreStorage volume. Will be using disk0 (SSD) and disk1 (HDD).
  
Partition all drives to be part of CS with single GUID partition, named 'Untitled'. Then determine their drive names
+
Partition all drives to be part of CS with single GUID partition, named ‘Untitled’. Then determine their drive names
 
 
```console
 
$ diskutil list
 
```
 
  
 +
<pre>$ diskutil list</pre>
 
Create the logical volume group. Note the 1st drive is the SSD drive, and 2nd is drive is the HDD.
 
Create the logical volume group. Note the 1st drive is the SSD drive, and 2nd is drive is the HDD.
  
```console
+
<pre>$ diskutil cs create Macintosh\ LVG disk0 disk1</pre>
$ diskutil cs create Macintosh\ LVG disk0 disk1
 
```
 
 
 
 
List CS volumes
 
List CS volumes
  
```console
+
<pre>$ diskutil cs list</pre>
$ diskutil cs list
 
```
 
 
 
 
Create volume in the volume group using UUID of LVG
 
Create volume in the volume group using UUID of LVG
  
```console
+
<pre>$ diskutil cs createVolume UUID jhfs+ Macintosh\ HD 100%</pre>
$ diskutil cs createVolume UUID jhfs+ Macintosh\ HD 100%
 
```
 
 
 
 
If desired, encrypt the logical volume just created
 
If desired, encrypt the logical volume just created
  
```console
+
<pre>$ diskutil cs list
$ diskutil cs list
+
$ diskutil cs encryptVolume UUID</pre>
$ diskutil cs encryptVolume UUID
 
```
 
 
 
 
Delete a CS LVG.
 
Delete a CS LVG.
  
```console
+
<pre>$ diskutil cs delete UUID</pre>
$ diskutil cs delete UUID
 
```
 
  
## Get serial number of drive
 
  
```console
+
== Get serial number of drive ==
$ ioreg -l |less
 
```
 
  
## ditto
+
<pre>$ ioreg -l |less</pre>
 +
== ditto ==
  
 
Mirror directories in OS X, preserving all ownership and permission data.
 
Mirror directories in OS X, preserving all ownership and permission data.
  
```console
+
<pre># ditto -V /Users /Volumes/SecondaryHD/Users</pre>
# ditto -V /Users /Volumes/SecondaryHD/Users
+
 
```
 
  
## Write DMG to disk
+
== Write DMG to disk ==
  
 
http://coolestguyplanettech.com/downtown/how-image-mac-os-x-107-lion-command-lineterminal
 
http://coolestguyplanettech.com/downtown/how-image-mac-os-x-107-lion-command-lineterminal
  
1. Mount the destination drive
+
# Mount the destination drive
2. Issue this command, replacing source and destination paths
+
# Issue this command, replacing source and destination paths
  
```console
+
<pre>$ asr restore \
$ asr restore \
 
 
--source /path-to-source-dmg-image \
 
--source /path-to-source-dmg-image \
 
--target /Volumes/path-to-destination-volume \
 
--target /Volumes/path-to-destination-volume \
 
--erase \
 
--erase \
 
--format HFS+ \
 
--format HFS+ \
--noverify
+
--noverify</pre>
```
+
* The '''–erase''' will erase the destination format
 +
* The '''–format''' is optional and only required if the destination needs to be reformatted
 +
* The '''–noverify''' is optional and skips verification - but obviously doesn’t verify a successful restore.
  
- The **--erase** will erase the destination format
 
- The **--format** is optional and only required if the destination needs to be reformatted
 
- The **--noverify** is optional and skips verification - but obviously doesn't verify a successful restore.
 
  
## Mount DMG as disk -- loopback
+
 
 +
== Mount DMG as disk loopback ==
  
 
http://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/9284/does-mac-have-something-similar-to-a-linux-loop-device
 
http://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/9284/does-mac-have-something-similar-to-a-linux-loop-device
  
The upgrade from MacOS 10.12.1 to 10.12.2 broke my APFS formatted Ableton SDCard drive. Ugh :-(. Luckily I still had a machine running 10.12.1, so I figured I'd try to fix things.
+
The upgrade from MacOS 10.12.1 to 10.12.2 broke my APFS formatted Ableton SDCard drive. Ugh :-(. Luckily I still had a machine running 10.12.1, so I figured I’d try to fix things.
  
I started by dumping the raw disk `/dev/disk2` using `dd`.
+
I started by dumping the raw disk <code>/dev/disk2</code> using <code>dd</code>.
  
```console
+
<pre>$ dd if=/dev/disk2 of=/Volumes/Samsung_T1/Ableton-d2.dmg bs=1m</pre>
$ dd if=/dev/disk2 of=/Volumes/Samsung_T1/Ableton-d2.dmg bs=1m
+
Mount the disk. ''Note: I could have added the <code>-nomount</code> option after <code>attach</code> to have prevented the disk from actually mounting.''
```
 
  
Mount the disk. _Note: I could have added the `-nomount` option after `attach` to have prevented the disk from actually mounting._
+
<pre>$ hdiutil attach /Volumes/Samsung_T1/Ableton-d2.dmg
 +
/dev/disk2              GUID_partition_scheme
 +
/dev/disk2s1            EFI
 +
/dev/disk2s2            Apple_APFS
 +
/dev/disk2s2s1          41504653-0000-11AA-AA11-0030654</pre>
 +
Yay!
  
```console
 
$ hdiutil attach /Volumes/Samsung_T1/Ableton-d2.dmg
 
/dev/disk2          GUID_partition_scheme
 
/dev/disk2s1        EFI
 
/dev/disk2s2        Apple_APFS
 
/dev/disk2s2s1      41504653-0000-11AA-AA11-0030654
 
```
 
  
Yay!
 
  
## APFS
+
== APFS ==
  
- https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/FileManagement/Conceptual/APFS_Guide/Introduction/Introduction.html
+
* https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/FileManagement/Conceptual/APFS_Guide/Introduction/Introduction.html
- http://www.howtogeek.com/272741/how-to-format-a-drive-with-the-apfs-file-system-on-macos-sierra/
+
* http://www.howtogeek.com/272741/how-to-format-a-drive-with-the-apfs-file-system-on-macos-sierra/
  
**Sparse image**
+
'''Sparse image'''
  
 
Create a sparse image with APFS.
 
Create a sparse image with APFS.
  
```console
+
<pre>$ hdiutil create -fs APFS -size 1GB foo.sparseimage</pre>
$ hdiutil create -fs APFS -size 1GB foo.sparseimage
+
'''Physical disk'''
```
 
 
 
**Physical disk**
 
  
 
Partition the disk
 
Partition the disk
  
```console
+
<pre>$ sudo diskutil partitionDisk disk2 APFS Untitled 100%</pre>
$ sudo diskutil partitionDisk disk2 APFS Untitled 100%
+
'''Existing partition'''
```
 
 
 
**Existing partition**
 
  
 
Create APFS container.
 
Create APFS container.
  
```console
+
<pre>$ diskutil apfs createContainer /dev/disk2s2</pre>
$ diskutil apfs createContainer /dev/disk2s2
 
```
 
 
 
 
Create APFS volume in an APFS container.
 
Create APFS volume in an APFS container.
  
```console
+
<pre>$ diskutil apfs addVolume disk2s2 APFS newAPFS</pre>
$ diskutil apfs addVolume disk2s2 APFS newAPFS
+
FSCK.
```
 
  
FSCK.
+
<pre>$ fsck_apfs /dev/disk2s2</pre>
  
```console
 
$ fsck_apfs /dev/disk2s2
 
```
 
  
## NFS
+
== NFS ==
  
 
Change default behavior to work better with Linux servers.
 
Change default behavior to work better with Linux servers.
  
- https://j-li.net/posts/mounting-a-linux-nfs-on-osx
+
* https://j-li.net/posts/mounting-a-linux-nfs-on-osx
  
`/etc/nfs.conf`
+
<code>/etc/nfs.conf</code>
  
```
+
<pre># Generated automatically by NFS Manager 2016-10-19 23:06:36 +0000
# Generated automatically by NFS Manager 2016-10-19 23:06:36 +0000
 
 
nfs.client.allow_async = 1
 
nfs.client.allow_async = 1
 
nfs.client.nfsiod_thread_max = 128
 
nfs.client.nfsiod_thread_max = 128
 
nfs.client.mount.options = nfc,intr
 
nfs.client.mount.options = nfc,intr
nfs.client.is_mobile = 0
+
nfs.client.is_mobile = 0</pre>
```
+
 
  
## Restart autofs without rebooting.
+
== Restart autofs without rebooting. ==
  
Use the `automount` command.
+
Use the <code>automount</code> command.
  
```console
+
<pre>$ sudo automount -vc</pre>
$ sudo automount -vc
+
Alternatively, use <code>launchctl</code>.
```
 
  
Alternatively, use `launchctl`.
+
<pre>$ sudo launchctl stop com.apple.autofsd</pre>
  
```console
 
$ sudo launchctl stop com.apple.autofsd
 
```
 
  
## Partitioning
+
== Partitioning ==
  
 
References
 
References
  
- <https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/FileManagement/Conceptual/APFS_Guide/ToolsandAPIs/ToolsandAPIs.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40016999-CH7-DontLinkElementID_13>
+
* https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/FileManagement/Conceptual/APFS_Guide/ToolsandAPIs/ToolsandAPIs.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40016999-CH7-DontLinkElementID_13
- <http://www.theinstructional.com/guides/disk-management-from-the-command-line-part-2>
+
* http://www.theinstructional.com/guides/disk-management-from-the-command-line-part-2
  
 
Get list of info
 
Get list of info
  
```console
+
<pre>$ diskutil list</pre>
$ diskutil list
+
Format an entire drive as APFS
```
 
  
Format an entire drive as APFS
+
<pre># command verb disk boot_record filesystem name size
 +
$ diskutil partitionDisk /dev/diskX GPT APFS NewName 0b</pre>
 +
Arguments:
  
```console
+
* Boot Records
# command verb disk boot_record filesystem name size
+
** GPT (GUID Partition Table)
$ diskutil partitionDisk /dev/diskX GPT APFS NewName 0b
+
** MBR (Master Boot Record)
```
+
* Filesystems
 +
** APFS (Apple File System – beta in Sierra 10.12.1)
 +
** ExFAT
 +
** FAT32
 +
** HFS+ (Apple HFS+)
  
Arguments:
 
  
- Boot Records
 
  - GPT (GUID Partition Table)
 
  - MBR (Master Boot Record)
 
- Filesystems
 
  - APFS (Apple File System -- beta in Sierra 10.12.1)
 
  - ExFAT
 
  - FAT32
 
  - HFS+ (Apple HFS+)
 
  
## Locked files or folders
+
== Locked files or folders ==
  
 
Look at the current flags:
 
Look at the current flags:
  
```console
+
<pre>$ ls -lO /path/to/folder</pre>
$ ls -lO /path/to/folder
+
Unlock them with:
```
+
 
 +
<pre>$ chflags nouchg /path/to/locked/folder</pre>
 +
or with:
 +
 
 +
<pre>$ SetFile -a l /path/to/locked/folder</pre>
  
Unlock them with:
 
  
```console
+
= Networking =
$ chflags nouchg /path/to/locked/folder
 
```
 
  
or with:
+
[https://khronokernel.github.io/macos/2021/11/22/PCIE-ETHERNET.html Thunderbolt and PCIe Ethernet in macOS] -- includes a good overview of the Ethernet chips used, and which ones work and don't work.
  
```console
+
= Cookbook =
$ SetFile -a l /path/to/locked/folder
 
```
 
  
# Cookbook
+
== Homebrew ==
  
## Homebrew
+
The <code>ftp</code> and <code>telnet</code> are no longer included with macOS, but can be installed with Brew.
  
The `ftp` and `telnet` are no longer included with macOS, but can be installed with Brew.
+
<pre>$ brew install inetutils</pre>
  
    $ brew install inetutils
 
  
## Resize a sparse bundle
+
== Resize a sparse bundle ==
  
 
Unmount the image, and follow commands below.
 
Unmount the image, and follow commands below.
Line 543: Line 564:
 
Compact the image (size stays the same).
 
Compact the image (size stays the same).
  
    hdiutil compact filename.sparsebundle
+
<pre>hdiutil compact filename.sparsebundle</pre>
 +
Increase the size of the image (e.g. 8G to 12G).
  
Increase the size of the image (e.g. 8G to 12G).
+
<pre>hdiutil resize -size 12G filename.sparsebundle</pre>
  
    hdiutil resize -size 12G filename.sparsebundle
 
  
## Paragraph Sorting Service
+
== Paragraph Sorting Service ==
  
 
http://www.macosxautomation.com/services/learn/tut03/index.html
 
http://www.macosxautomation.com/services/learn/tut03/index.html
  
1. Open Automator.
+
<ol style="list-style-type: decimal;">
2. Create a new "Service" workflow.
+
<li>Open Automator.</li>
3. Configure workflow.
+
<li>Create a new “Service” workflow.</li>
  a. Service receives selected > text
+
<li>Configure workflow.
  b. in > any application
+
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
  c. check < Replaces selected text
+
<li>Service receives selected &gt; text</li>
  4.
+
<li>in &gt; any application</li>
 +
<li>check &lt; Replaces selected text</li></ol>
  
## Disable the Swoosh animation for Mac OS X Spaces
+
<ol start="4" style="list-style-type: decimal;">
 +
<li></li></ol>
 +
</li></ol>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
== Disable the Swoosh animation for Mac OS X Spaces ==
  
 
macOS [10.12)
 
macOS [10.12)
  
System Preferences > Accessibility > Display > Reduce motion
+
System Preferences &gt; Accessibility &gt; Display &gt; Reduce motion
  
 
macOS (10.11]
 
macOS (10.11]
  
- http://blog.sysmgr.org/2011/02/disable-swoosh-animation-for-mac-os-x.html
+
* http://blog.sysmgr.org/2011/02/disable-swoosh-animation-for-mac-os-x.html
- http://secrets.blacktree.com/?showapp=com.apple.dock -- interesting
+
* http://secrets.blacktree.com/?showapp=com.apple.dock interesting
- http://www.macosxhints.com/comment.php?mode=view&cid=117778
+
* http://www.macosxhints.com/comment.php?mode=view&amp;cid=117778
  
```console
+
<pre>$ defaults write com.apple.dock \
$ defaults write com.apple.dock \
 
 
   workspaces-swoosh-animation-off \
 
   workspaces-swoosh-animation-off \
 
   -bool YES &&
 
   -bool YES &&
   killall Dock
+
   killall Dock</pre>
```
 
  
## Change screen capture behavior.
+
 
 +
== Change screen capture behavior. ==
  
 
Disable shadow on screen capture.
 
Disable shadow on screen capture.
  
```
+
<pre>$ defaults write com.apple.screencapture disable-shadow -bool TRUE
$ defaults write com.apple.screencapture disable-shadow -bool TRUE
+
$ killall SystemUIServer</pre>
$ killall SystemUIServer
 
```
 
 
 
 
Change the location of screen captures.
 
Change the location of screen captures.
  
```
+
<pre>$ defaults write com.apple.screencapture location ~/Pictures/Screenshots</pre>
$ defaults write com.apple.screencapture location ~/Pictures/Screenshots
 
```
 
 
 
 
Change the prefix of the screen capture filename.
 
Change the prefix of the screen capture filename.
  
```
+
<pre>$ defaults write com.apple.screencapture name &quot;Pretty Picture&quot;
$ defaults write com.apple.screencapture name "Pretty Picture"
+
$ killall SystemUIServer</pre>
$ killall SystemUIServer
 
```
 
 
 
 
Take a screen capture as PDF (PNG is default).
 
Take a screen capture as PDF (PNG is default).
  
```
+
<pre>$ defaults write com.apple.screencapture type pdf</pre>
$ defaults write com.apple.screencapture type pdf
 
```
 
  
  
## (En|Dis)able Bonjour Announcements (10.5+)
+
== (En|Dis)able Bonjour Announcements (10.5+) ==
  
 
Disable
 
Disable
  
$ sudo launchctl unload -w /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.mDNSResponder.plist
+
<pre>$ sudo launchctl unload -w /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.mDNSResponder.plist</pre>
 
 
 
Enable
 
Enable
  
$ sudo launchctl load -w /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.mDNSResponder.plist
+
<pre>$ sudo launchctl load -w /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.mDNSResponder.plist</pre>
 +
To leave it enabled, but not announce things via multicast DNS, edit the plist and add this line to the mDNSResponder options.
  
To leave it enabled, but not announce things via multicast DNS, edit the plist and add this line to the mDNSResponder options.
+
<pre>&lt;string&gt;-NoMulticastAdvertisements&lt;/string&gt;</pre>
  
<string>-NoMulticastAdvertisements</string>
 
  
## Time Machine
+
== Time Machine ==
  
Change backup frequency (10.5+)
+
Change backup frequency (10.5+) http://hints.macworld.com/article.php?story=200710291721156
http://hints.macworld.com/article.php?story=200710291721156
 
  
 
Edit /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.backupd-auto.plist and update the StartInterval setting. 3600[s] is 1h.
 
Edit /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.backupd-auto.plist and update the StartInterval setting. 3600[s] is 1h.
  
## Cron'd stuff
 
  
See entry at Oct 19, '10 08:03:30PM in http://hints.macworld.com/article.php?story=200710291721156
 
  
## Sleep
+
== Cron’d stuff ==
 +
 
 +
See entry at Oct 19, ’10 08:03:30PM in http://hints.macworld.com/article.php?story=200710291721156
 +
 
  
Sleep machine from command-line (10.5+)
 
  
    $ pmset sleepnow
+
== Sleep ==
  
### pmset
+
Sleep machine from command-line (10.5+)
  
See 'man pmset' for more info. For 10.4 and prior, see
+
<pre>$ pmset sleepnow</pre>
http://www.snoize.com/SleepNow/.
+
=== pmset ===
  
Figure out why machine isn't sleeping.
+
See ‘man pmset’ for more info. For 10.4 and prior, see http://www.snoize.com/SleepNow/.
  
    $ pmset -g assertions
+
Figure out why machine isn’t sleeping.
  
 +
<pre>$ pmset -g assertions</pre>
 
Log sleep/wake messages
 
Log sleep/wake messages
  
    $ pmset -g pslog
+
<pre>$ pmset -g pslog</pre>
 +
View the logs later
  
View the logs later
+
<pre>$ pmset -g</pre>
  
    $ pmset -g
 
  
## (En|Dis)able swap
+
== (En|Dis)able swap ==
  
 
http://hints.macworld.com/article.php?story=201106020948369
 
http://hints.macworld.com/article.php?story=201106020948369
Line 663: Line 678:
 
Disable
 
Disable
  
```console
+
<pre>$ sudo launchctl unload -w /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.dynamic_pager.plist
$ sudo launchctl unload -w /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.dynamic_pager.plist
+
$ sudo rm /private/var/vm/swapfile*</pre>
$ sudo rm /private/var/vm/swapfile*
+
Enable
```
 
  
Enable
+
<pre>$ sudo launchctl load -w /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.dynamic_pager.plist</pre>
  
```console
 
$ sudo launchctl load -w /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.dynamic_pager.plist
 
```
 
  
## SMART
+
== SMART ==
  
 
http://hints.macworld.com/article.php?story=20031122041138373
 
http://hints.macworld.com/article.php?story=20031122041138373
Line 680: Line 691:
 
Get SMART status from the command-line
 
Get SMART status from the command-line
  
```console
+
<pre># diskutil list
# diskutil list
+
# diskutil info diskX |grep SMART</pre>
# diskutil info diskX |grep SMART
+
== sysctl ==
```
 
  
## sysctl
+
[http://rolande.wordpress.com/2010/12/30/performance-tuning-the-network-stack-on-mac-osx-10-6/ Performance Tuning the Network Stack Mac OS X]
 
 
[Performance Tuning the Network Stack  Mac OS X](http://rolande.wordpress.com/2010/12/30/performance-tuning-the-network-stack-on-mac-osx-10-6/)
 
  
 
Versions: [10.5-10.8)
 
Versions: [10.5-10.8)
  
Put data into `/etc/sysctl.conf`.
+
Put data into <code>/etc/sysctl.conf</code>.
  
```
+
<pre>kern.ipc.maxsockbuf=4194304
kern.ipc.maxsockbuf=4194304
 
 
kern.ipc.somaxconn=512
 
kern.ipc.somaxconn=512
 
kern.ipc.nmbclusters=2048
 
kern.ipc.nmbclusters=2048
Line 709: Line 716:
 
net.inet.tcp.blackhole=2
 
net.inet.tcp.blackhole=2
 
net.inet.udp.blackhole=1
 
net.inet.udp.blackhole=1
net.inet.icmp.icmplim=50
+
net.inet.icmp.icmplim=50</pre>
```
 
 
 
 
Change these values for [10.8)
 
Change these values for [10.8)
  
```
+
<pre>kern.ipc.maxsockbuf=8388608
kern.ipc.maxsockbuf=8388608
 
  
 
# Enable support for 9000+ byte packets.
 
# Enable support for 9000+ byte packets.
 
# https://blah.cloud/hardware/test-jumbo-frames-working/
 
# https://blah.cloud/hardware/test-jumbo-frames-working/
net.inet.raw.maxdgram=16384
+
net.inet.raw.maxdgram=16384</pre>
```
+
(old) Recommended values for <code>/etc/sysctl.conf</code>.
  
(old) Recommended values for `/etc/sysctl.conf`.
+
{|
 +
! key
 +
! default
 +
! recommended
 +
! notes
 +
|-
 +
| net.inet.tcp.mssdflt
 +
| 512
 +
| 1440
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| net.inet.tcp.win_scale_factor
 +
| 3
 +
| 10
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| net.inet.tcp.sendspace
 +
| 65536
 +
| 2097152
 +
| 1/2 of kern.ipc.maxsockbuf
 +
|-
 +
| net.inet.tcp.recvspace
 +
| 65536
 +
| 2097152
 +
| 1/2 of kern.ipc.maxsockbuf
 +
|}
  
| key                          | default | recommended | notes                      |
 
| ----------------------------- | ------- | ----------- | -------------------------- |
 
| net.inet.tcp.mssdflt          | 512    | 1440        |                            |
 
| net.inet.tcp.win_scale_factor | 3      | 10          |                            |
 
| net.inet.tcp.sendspace        | 65536  | 2097152    | 1/2 of kern.ipc.maxsockbuf |
 
| net.inet.tcp.recvspace        | 65536  | 2097152    | 1/2 of kern.ipc.maxsockbuf |
 
  
## Spotlight
+
 
 +
== Spotlight ==
  
 
Check status of Spotlight
 
Check status of Spotlight
  
```console
+
<pre># mdutil -s /</pre>
# mdutil -s /
 
```
 
 
 
 
Enable Spotlight
 
Enable Spotlight
  
```console
+
<pre># mdutil -i on /</pre>
# mdutil -i on /
+
Rebuilt database
```
 
  
Rebuilt database
+
<pre># mdutil -E /</pre>
  
```console
 
# mdutil -E /
 
```
 
  
## Restart Finder from the Terminal
+
== Restart Finder from the Terminal ==
  
 
http://thewayeye.net/2012/january/4/how-restart-finder-terminal
 
http://thewayeye.net/2012/january/4/how-restart-finder-terminal
Line 757: Line 774:
 
Kill Finder
 
Kill Finder
  
```console
+
<pre>$ sudo killall Finder</pre>
$ sudo killall Finder
+
Manually start if it doesn’t automatically
```
 
  
Manually start if it doesn't automatically
+
<pre>$ open /System/Library/CoreServices/Finder.app</pre>
 +
If all else fails, reboot
  
```console
+
<pre>$ shutdown -r</pre>
$ open /System/Library/CoreServices/Finder.app
 
```
 
  
If all else fails, reboot
 
  
```console
+
== Extract contents of a Payload file ==
$ shutdown -r
 
```
 
  
## Extract contents of a Payload file
+
These are basically compressed cpio files.
  
These are basically compressed cpio files.
+
<pre>$ cat Payload |gzip -d |cpio -id</pre>
  
```console
 
$ cat Payload |gzip -d |cpio -id
 
```
 
  
## Firewall
+
== Firewall ==
  
 
List apps allowed/blocked by firewall.
 
List apps allowed/blocked by firewall.
  
```console
+
<pre>$ sudo /usr/libexec/ApplicationFirewall/socketfilterfw --listapps</pre>
$ sudo /usr/libexec/ApplicationFirewall/socketfilterfw --listapps
 
```
 
  
## dtrace and other scripts
+
 
 +
== dtrace and other scripts ==
  
 
http://dtrace.org/blogs/brendan/2011/10/10/top-10-dtrace-scripts-for-mac-os-x/
 
http://dtrace.org/blogs/brendan/2011/10/10/top-10-dtrace-scripts-for-mac-os-x/
  
## Power management
+
 
 +
 
 +
== Power management ==
  
 
Get history of power management events
 
Get history of power management events
  
```console
+
<pre>$ pmset -g log |less</pre>
$ pmset -g log |less
+
 
```
 
  
## Icon sets
+
== Icon sets ==
  
 
http://blog.macsales.com/28492-create-your-own-custom-icons-in-10-7-5-or-later
 
http://blog.macsales.com/28492-create-your-own-custom-icons-in-10-7-5-or-later
Line 807: Line 816:
 
Create PNG files.
 
Create PNG files.
  
| Filename           | Image Size (in pixels) |
+
{|
| ------------------- | ---------------------- |
+
! Filename
| icon_512x512@2x.png | 1024 x 1024           |
+
! Image Size (in pixels)
| icon_512x512.png   | 512 x 512             |
+
|-
| icon_256x256@2x.png | 512 x 512             |
+
| icon_512x512@2x.png
| icon_256x256.png   | 256 x 256             |
+
| 1024 x 1024
| icon_128x128@2x.png | 256 x 256             |
+
|-
| icon_128x128.png   | 128 x 128             |
+
| icon_512x512.png
| icon_32x32@2x.png   | 64 x 64               |
+
| 512 x 512
| icon_32x32.png     | 32 x 32               |
+
|-
| icon_16x16@2x.png   | 32 x 32               |
+
| icon_256x256@2x.png
| icon_16x16.png     | 16 x 16               |
+
| 512 x 512
 +
|-
 +
| icon_256x256.png
 +
| 256 x 256
 +
|-
 +
| icon_128x128@2x.png
 +
| 256 x 256
 +
|-
 +
| icon_128x128.png
 +
| 128 x 128
 +
|-
 +
| icon_32x32@2x.png
 +
| 64 x 64
 +
|-
 +
| icon_32x32.png
 +
| 32 x 32
 +
|-
 +
| icon_16x16@2x.png
 +
| 32 x 32
 +
|-
 +
| icon_16x16.png
 +
| 16 x 16
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
Create an <code>myicon.iconset</code> folder, and put all files in that folder.
  
Create an `myicon.iconset` folder, and put all files in that folder.
+
Create a <code>myicon.icns</code> file.
  
Create a `myicon.icns` file.
+
<pre>$ iconutil -c icns /path/to/myicon.iconset</pre>
 +
Get info about the drive / file, and copy the <code>myicon.icns</code> file over the drive icon of the file.
  
```console
 
$ iconutil -c icns /path/to/myicon.iconset
 
```
 
  
Get info about the drive / file, and copy the `myicon.icns` file over the drive
 
icon of the file.
 
  
## Kill parentalcontrolsd regularly
+
== Kill parentalcontrolsd regularly ==
  
Create the following plist as `/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.forestent.noparentalcontrolsd` with root as owner.
+
Create the following plist as <code>/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.forestent.noparentalcontrolsd</code> with root as owner.
  
```xml
+
<syntaxhighlight lang="xml"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 
 
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
 
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
 
<plist version="1.0">
 
<plist version="1.0">
Line 861: Line 889:
  
 
</dict>
 
</dict>
</plist>
+
</plist></pre>
```
+
Load the plist.
  
Load the plist.
+
<pre>$ sudo launchctl load /Library/LaunchDaemons/com.forestent.noparentalcontrolsd</pre>
  
```console
 
$ sudo launchctl load /Library/LaunchDaemons/com.forestent.noparentalcontrolsd
 
```
 
  
## Install a package from the command-line
+
== Install a package from the command-line ==
  
Use `/usr/sbin/installer`.
+
Use <code>/usr/sbin/installer</code>.
  
```console
+
<pre>$ sudo installer -pkg /path/to/package.pkg -target /</pre>
$ sudo installer -pkg /path/to/package.pkg -target /
+
<pre>sudo installer -pkg macOSUpd10.14.3.pkg -target / -verboseR -dumplog 2&gt;&amp;1 |tee ~/var/log/macOSUpd10.14.3.log</pre>
```
 
  
    sudo installer -pkg macOSUpd10.14.3.pkg -target / -verboseR -dumplog 2>&1 |tee ~/var/log/macOSUpd10.14.3.log
 
  
## Upgrade software from the command-line
+
== Upgrade software from the command-line ==
  
Use `softwareupdate`.
+
Use <code>softwareupdate</code>.
  
```console
+
<pre>$ softwareupdate -l
$ softwareupdate -l
 
 
Software Update Tool
 
Software Update Tool
  
Fining available software
+
Fining available software</pre>
```
+
If the updater is hitting problems, e.g. unable to contact update servers, consider resetting the catalogs. (Was needed for 10.14.3 at Google.)
  
If the updater is hitting problems, e.g. unable to contact update servers, consider resetting
+
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell">sudo softwareupdate --clear-catalog</pre>
the catalogs. (Was needed for 10.14.3 at Google.)
 
  
```shell
 
sudo softwareupdate --clear-catalog
 
```
 
  
## Change visibility of hidden folders
+
== Change visibility of hidden folders ==
  
Use `/usr/bin/chflags`.
+
Use <code>/usr/bin/chflags</code>.
  
```
+
<pre>$ chflags nohidden ~/Library</pre>
$ chflags nohidden ~/Library
 
```
 
  
## Force RGB Mode (a.k.a. fix horrible fonts)
+
 
 +
== Force RGB Mode (a.k.a. fix horrible fonts) ==
  
 
http://www.iphonetopics.com/force-rgb-mode-in-mac-os-x/
 
http://www.iphonetopics.com/force-rgb-mode-in-mac-os-x/
  
# Misc. Utilities
+
= Misc. Utilities =
  
## Expansion Slot Utility
+
 
 +
 
 +
== Expansion Slot Utility ==
  
 
The utility is located in /System/Library/CoreServices and is used to configure the performance of the PCI slots.
 
The utility is located in /System/Library/CoreServices and is used to configure the performance of the PCI slots.
  
## Fonts
 
  
https://discussions.apple.com/thread/3646002?tstart=0
 
http://www.thexlab.com/faqs/undofontbook.html
 
http://www.jklstudios.com/misc/osxfonts.htm
 
  
## pmset
+
== Fonts ==
 +
 
 +
https://discussions.apple.com/thread/3646002?tstart=0 http://www.thexlab.com/faqs/undofontbook.html http://www.jklstudios.com/misc/osxfonts.htm
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
== pmset ==
  
 
Get the current settings
 
Get the current settings
  
```console
+
<pre>$ pmset -g
$ pmset -g
 
 
System-wide power settings:
 
System-wide power settings:
 
Currently in use:
 
Currently in use:
Line 945: Line 965:
 
  ttyskeepawake        1
 
  ttyskeepawake        1
 
  displaysleep        60
 
  displaysleep        60
  standbydelay        10800
+
  standbydelay        10800</pre>
```
+
=== autopoweroff ===
 
 
### autopoweroff
 
  
_This is the reason my 2013 Mac Pro wakes so slowly from sleep each morning._
+
''This is the reason my 2013 Mac Pro wakes so slowly from sleep each morning.''
  
 
https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201635
 
https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201635
  
**autopoweroff** is enabled by default on supported platforms as an implementation of Lot 6 to the European Energy-related Products Directive. After sleeping for `autopoweroffdelay` seconds, the system will write a hibernation image and go into a lower power chipset sleep. Wakeups from this state will take longer than wakeups from regular sleep.
+
'''autopoweroff''' is enabled by default on supported platforms as an implementation of Lot 6 to the European Energy-related Products Directive. After sleeping for <code>autopoweroffdelay</code> seconds, the system will write a hibernation image and go into a lower power chipset sleep. Wakeups from this state will take longer than wakeups from regular sleep.
  
## bputil
+
== bputil ==
  
 
https://keith.github.io/xcode-man-pages/bputil.1.html
 
https://keith.github.io/xcode-man-pages/bputil.1.html
Line 962: Line 980:
 
Utility to precisely modify the security settings on Apple Silicon Macs
 
Utility to precisely modify the security settings on Apple Silicon Macs
  
## trustd
+
== trustd ==
  
 
https://sneak.berlin/20201112/your-computer-isnt-yours/
 
https://sneak.berlin/20201112/your-computer-isnt-yours/
Line 968: Line 986:
 
This makes requests to ocsp.apple.com each and every time an app is opened. Ugh.
 
This makes requests to ocsp.apple.com each and every time an app is opened. Ugh.
  
# Troubleshooting
+
 
 +
 
 +
= Troubleshooting =
  
 
https://github.com/upekkha/AppleHardwareTest
 
https://github.com/upekkha/AppleHardwareTest
  
## Previous shutdown cause
 
  
Look at the log on the command-line, and compare to documented causes can be
 
found on this [blog](https://georgegarside.com/blog/macos/shutdown-causes/).
 
  
```console
+
== Previous shutdown cause ==
$ log show --predicate 'eventMessage contains "Previous shutdown cause:"'
+
 
 +
Look at the log on the command-line, and compare to documented causes can be found on this [https://georgegarside.com/blog/macos/shutdown-causes/ blog].
 +
 
 +
<pre>$ log show --predicate 'eventMessage contains "Previous shutdown cause:"'
 
Skipping info and debug messages, pass --info and/or --debug to include.
 
Skipping info and debug messages, pass --info and/or --debug to include.
 
Filtering the log data using "eventMessage CONTAINS "Previous shutdown cause:""
 
Filtering the log data using "eventMessage CONTAINS "Previous shutdown cause:""
Line 986: Line 1,006:
 
  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
Log      - Default:          2, Info:                0, Debug:            0, Error:          0, Fault:          0
 
Log      - Default:          2, Info:                0, Debug:            0, Error:          0, Fault:          0
Activity - Create:          0, Transition:          0, Actions:          0
+
Activity - Create:          0, Transition:          0, Actions:          0</pre>
```
 
  
## Mouse Lag
+
 
 +
== Mouse Lag ==
  
 
Try turning off the mouse, removing it from the Bluetooth preferences window, and repairing the device.
 
Try turning off the mouse, removing it from the Bluetooth preferences window, and repairing the device.
Line 995: Line 1,015:
 
On the Mac Pro (Late 2013) model, Wi-Fi seems to interfere with the Bluetooth signal such that the mouse lags. Disable Wi-Fi if possible, or use a hardwired mouse.
 
On the Mac Pro (Late 2013) model, Wi-Fi seems to interfere with the Bluetooth signal such that the mouse lags. Disable Wi-Fi if possible, or use a hardwired mouse.
  
## DNS resolution
 
  
- https://discussions.apple.com/thread/3339686?start=0&tstart=0
+
 
- http://www.justincarmony.com/blog/2011/07/27/mac-os-x-lion-etc-hosts-bugs-and-dns-resolution/
+
== DNS resolution ==
 +
 
 +
* https://discussions.apple.com/thread/3339686?start=0&amp;tstart=0
 +
* http://www.justincarmony.com/blog/2011/07/27/mac-os-x-lion-etc-hosts-bugs-and-dns-resolution/
  
 
Get dump of resolvers
 
Get dump of resolvers
  
```console
+
<pre>$ scutil --dns</pre>
$ scutil --dns
 
```
 
  
## Reset DNS cache
 
  
OS X <= 10.9.* && >= 10.10.4
+
== Reset DNS cache ==
  
```console
+
OS X &lt;= 10.9.* &amp;&amp; &gt;= 10.10.4
$ sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
 
```
 
  
 +
<pre>$ sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder</pre>
 
OS X 10.10.0 - 10.10.3
 
OS X 10.10.0 - 10.10.3
  
```console
+
<pre>$ sudo discoveryutil mdnsflushcache</pre>
$ sudo discoveryutil mdnsflushcache
+
 
```
+
 
 +
== Finder – “File is damaged” ==
  
## Finder -- "File is damaged"
+
Finder is reporting “File is damaged” and “Move to Trash” or “Unmount disk”. If you know the file is fine, remove the quarantine <code>xattr</code>, and try again.
  
Finder is reporting "File is damaged" and "Move to Trash" or "Unmount disk". If you know the file is fine, remove the quarantine `xattr`, and try again.
+
<pre>$ xattr -d com.apple.quarantine /path/to/file</pre>
  
```console
 
$ xattr -d com.apple.quarantine /path/to/file
 
```
 
  
## Cannot verify installer
+
== Cannot verify installer ==
  
 
http://www.macrumors.com/2016/03/03/older-os-x-installers-broken-by-certificate/
 
http://www.macrumors.com/2016/03/03/older-os-x-installers-broken-by-certificate/
Line 1,034: Line 1,050:
 
Installers downloaded before Feb 14 2016 will not validate because the certificate used to sign the installer expired. To work around the issue, quit out of the installer, set the date back, and rerun the installer.
 
Installers downloaded before Feb 14 2016 will not validate because the certificate used to sign the installer expired. To work around the issue, quit out of the installer, set the date back, and rerun the installer.
  
```console
+
<pre>$ date 0201010116</pre>
$ date 0201010116
+
Alternatively, a newer version of the installer can be downloaded. Unfortunately, older OS X installs won’t be available, so the date method must be used.
```
 
  
Alternatively, a newer version of the installer can be downloaded. Unfortunately, older OS X installs won't be available, so the date method must be used.
 
  
## Look at available Wi-Fi networks
+
 
 +
== Look at available Wi-Fi networks ==
  
 
http://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/131852/how-do-you-force-a-5-ghz-wifi-connection
 
http://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/131852/how-do-you-force-a-5-ghz-wifi-connection
Line 1,046: Line 1,061:
 
Scan for network BSSIDs.
 
Scan for network BSSIDs.
  
```console
+
<pre>/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/Apple80211.framework/Versions/Current/Resources/airport scan
/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/Apple80211.framework/Versions/Current/Resources/airport scan
 
 
                             SSID BSSID            RSSI CHANNEL HT CC SECURITY (auth/unicast/group)
 
                             SSID BSSID            RSSI CHANNEL HT CC SECURITY (auth/unicast/group)
 
                         Valerie c0:25:06:cf:0c:d3 -78  100,+1  Y  DE WPA2(PSK/AES/AES)
 
                         Valerie c0:25:06:cf:0c:d3 -78  100,+1  Y  DE WPA2(PSK/AES/AES)
                         Valerie c0:25:06:cf:0c:d7 -69  11      Y  DE WPA2(PSK/AES/AES)
+
                         Valerie c0:25:06:cf:0c:d7 -69  11      Y  DE WPA2(PSK/AES/AES)</pre>
```
+
For &lt;=10.6 use a different command.
  
For <=10.6 use a different command.
+
<pre>/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/Apple80211.framework/Versions/Current/Resources/airport --associate=XXX --bssid=YYY</pre>
  
```console
 
/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/Apple80211.framework/Versions/Current/Resources/airport --associate=XXX --bssid=YYY
 
```
 
  
 
+
== Downgrade from High Sierra to Sierra ==
## Downgrade from High Sierra to Sierra
 
  
 
https://www.imore.com/how-downgrade-macos
 
https://www.imore.com/how-downgrade-macos
  
Technically, a downgrade isn't possible from backup :-(
+
Technically, a downgrade isn’t possible from backup :-(
  
Erase a disk with the MacOS Extended (Journaled) format, with a name of `Untitled`.
+
Erase a disk with the MacOS Extended (Journaled) format, with a name of <code>Untitled</code>.
  
Create install media, using `/Volume/Untitled` as destination volume.
+
Create install media, using <code>/Volume/Untitled</code> as destination volume.
  
- The volume will again be erased, so it is OK to use the old volume name.
+
* The volume will again be erased, so it is OK to use the old volume name.
- The `--applicationpath` must be the **fully qualified path**.
+
* The <code>--applicationpath</code> must be the '''fully qualified path'''.
  
```console
+
<pre>$ sudo /Applications/Install\ macOS\ High\ Sierra.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia \
$ sudo /Applications/Install\ macOS\ High\ Sierra.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia \
 
 
   --volume /Volumes/Untitled \
 
   --volume /Volumes/Untitled \
 
   --applicationpath "/Applications/Install macOS Sierra.app"
 
   --applicationpath "/Applications/Install macOS Sierra.app"
Line 1,086: Line 1,095:
 
Copying boot files...
 
Copying boot files...
 
Copy complete.
 
Copy complete.
Done.
+
Done.</pre>
```
 
  
## Adjust macOS font smoothing
 
  
### Font smoothing
+
== Adjust macOS font smoothing ==
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
=== Font smoothing ===
  
 
https://software.com/mac/tweaks/change-font-smoothing
 
https://software.com/mac/tweaks/change-font-smoothing
Line 1,097: Line 1,108:
 
Display the current font smoothing:
 
Display the current font smoothing:
  
```console
+
<pre>$ defaults -currentHost read -globalDomain AppleFontSmoothing</pre>
$ defaults -currentHost read -globalDomain AppleFontSmoothing
+
Change the font smoothing (0=off, 1=light, 2=Medium/flat panel, 3=strong/blurred) This is mostly needed for non-Apple displays. Restart applications to see the effect
```
 
 
 
Change the font smoothing (0=off, 1=light, 2=Medium/flat panel,
 
3=strong/blurred) This is mostly needed for non-Apple displays. Restart
 
applications to see the effect
 
 
 
```console
 
$ defaults -currentHost write -globalDomain AppleFontSmoothing -int 0
 
```
 
  
 +
<pre>$ defaults -currentHost write -globalDomain AppleFontSmoothing -int 0</pre>
 
Delete the setting completely (restore default)
 
Delete the setting completely (restore default)
  
```console
+
<pre>$ defaults -currentHost delete -globalDomain AppleFontSmoothing</pre>
$ defaults -currentHost delete -globalDomain AppleFontSmoothing
 
```
 
 
 
 
Set the font anti-aliasing minimum sizes, globally or per-application:
 
Set the font anti-aliasing minimum sizes, globally or per-application:
  
```
+
<pre>$ defaults -currentHost write .GlobalPreferences AppleSmoothFontsSizeThreshold -int 16
$ defaults -currentHost write .GlobalPreferences AppleSmoothFontsSizeThreshold -int 16
 
 
$ defaults -currentHost write .GlobalPreferences AppleFontSmoothing -int 0
 
$ defaults -currentHost write .GlobalPreferences AppleFontSmoothing -int 0
$ defaults -currentHost write com.apple.safari AppleAntiAliasingThreshold -int 16
+
$ defaults -currentHost write com.apple.safari AppleAntiAliasingThreshold -int 16</pre>
```
+
 
  
### Anti-aliasing
+
=== Anti-aliasing ===
  
 
Read the current value.
 
Read the current value.
  
```
+
<pre>$ defaults read NSGlobalDomain AppleAntiAliasingThreshold
$ defaults read NSGlobalDomain AppleAntiAliasingThreshold
+
4</pre>
4
+
The anti-aliasing can be configured per application. (https://ss64.com/osx/syntax-defaults.html)
```
 
  
The anti-aliasing can be configured per application.
+
<pre>$ defaults -currentHost write com.apple.safari AppleAntiAliasingThreshold -int 16</pre>
(https://ss64.com/osx/syntax-defaults.html)
 
  
```
 
$ defaults -currentHost write com.apple.safari AppleAntiAliasingThreshold -int 16
 
```
 
  
# Misc
+
= Misc =
  
## Commands looking at profile enrollment at work.
+
 
 +
 
 +
== Commands looking at profile enrollment at work. ==
  
 
Profile enrollment of some sort?
 
Profile enrollment of some sort?
  
```
+
<pre>$ profiles status -type enrollment</pre>
$ profiles status -type enrollment
+
<pre>$ sudo profiles list
```
 
 
 
```
 
$ sudo profiles list
 
 
_computerlevel[1] attribute: profileIdentifier: com.google.corp.gmac.applicationaccess
 
_computerlevel[1] attribute: profileIdentifier: com.google.corp.gmac.applicationaccess
 
_computerlevel[2] attribute: profileIdentifier: com.google.corp.gmac.chrome.extension.passwordalert
 
_computerlevel[2] attribute: profileIdentifier: com.google.corp.gmac.chrome.extension.passwordalert
Line 1,168: Line 1,160:
 
_computerlevel[16] attribute: profileIdentifier: com.google.corp.gmac.spotlight
 
_computerlevel[16] attribute: profileIdentifier: com.google.corp.gmac.spotlight
 
_computerlevel[17] attribute: profileIdentifier: com.google.corp.gmac.prefpanes
 
_computerlevel[17] attribute: profileIdentifier: com.google.corp.gmac.prefpanes
There are 17 system configuration profiles installed
+
There are 17 system configuration profiles installed</pre>
```
+
<pre>$ sudo profiles show -type enrollment
 
 
```
 
$ sudo profiles show -type enrollment
 
 
Device Enrollment configuration:
 
Device Enrollment configuration:
 
{
 
{
 
     AllowPairing = 1;
 
     AllowPairing = 1;
 
     AwaitDeviceConfigured = 1;
 
     AwaitDeviceConfigured = 1;
     ConfigurationURL = "https://emmapplecodevice.googleapis.com/v1/_/deviceserver/C02h8e9nw/setup?key=AIzaSyAdMVj0IzE7K6u90EkdmoVTc_79_hO1i5w";
+
     ConfigurationURL = &quot;https://emmapplecodevice.googleapis.com/v1/_/deviceserver/C02h8e9nw/setup?key=AIzaSyAdMVj0IzE7K6u90EkdmoVTc_79_hO1i5w&quot;;
 
     IsMDMUnremovable = 0;
 
     IsMDMUnremovable = 0;
 
     IsMandatory = 1;
 
     IsMandatory = 1;
 
     IsSupervised = 1;
 
     IsSupervised = 1;
     OrganizationAddress = "1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, n/a, , Mountain VIew, CA 94043";
+
     OrganizationAddress = &quot;1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, n/a, , Mountain VIew, CA 94043&quot;;
     OrganizationAddressLine1 = "1600 Amphitheatre Parkway";
+
     OrganizationAddressLine1 = &quot;1600 Amphitheatre Parkway&quot;;
     OrganizationAddressLine2 = "n/a";
+
     OrganizationAddressLine2 = &quot;n/a&quot;;
     OrganizationCity = "Mountain VIew";
+
     OrganizationCity = &quot;Mountain VIew&quot;;
 
     OrganizationCountry = USA;
 
     OrganizationCountry = USA;
     OrganizationEmail = "abma@google.com";
+
     OrganizationEmail = &quot;abma@google.com&quot;;
     OrganizationName = "Google LLC";
+
     OrganizationName = &quot;Google LLC&quot;;
 
     OrganizationPhone = 12125658743;
 
     OrganizationPhone = 12125658743;
 
     OrganizationZipCode = 94043;
 
     OrganizationZipCode = 94043;
Line 1,195: Line 1,184:
 
         iCloudDiagnostics
 
         iCloudDiagnostics
 
     );
 
     );
}
+
}</pre>
```
 
  
## Kernel extensions
 
  
Get list of approved kernel extensions (e.g. TripMode and Intel Power).
+
== Kernel extensions ==
  
```
+
Get list of approved kernel extensions (e.g. TripMode and Intel Power).
$ echo 'select * from kext_policy; ' | sudo sqlite3 /var/db/SystemPolicyConfiguration/KextPolicy
+
 
 +
<pre>$ echo 'select * from kext_policy; ' | sudo sqlite3 /var/db/SystemPolicyConfiguration/KextPolicy
 
78UFGP42EU|ch.tripmode.TripModeNKE|1|Ludovic LEGER|1
 
78UFGP42EU|ch.tripmode.TripModeNKE|1|Ludovic LEGER|1
Z3L495V9L4|com.intel.driver.EnergyDriver|1|Intel Corporation Apps|1
+
Z3L495V9L4|com.intel.driver.EnergyDriver|1|Intel Corporation Apps|1</pre>
```
+
<pre>$ echo 'select * from kext_policy_mdm;' | sudo sqlite3 /var/db/SystemPolicyConfiguration/KextPolicy
 
 
```
 
$ echo 'select * from kext_policy_mdm;' | sudo sqlite3 /var/db/SystemPolicyConfiguration/KextPolicy
 
 
EQHXZ8M8AV||1|82CBE2F3-84FA-4734-9E74-FB0F06DB8319
 
EQHXZ8M8AV||1|82CBE2F3-84FA-4734-9E74-FB0F06DB8319
 
P8DQRXPVLP||1|82CBE2F3-84FA-4734-9E74-FB0F06DB8319
 
P8DQRXPVLP||1|82CBE2F3-84FA-4734-9E74-FB0F06DB8319
 
X9E956P446||1|82CBE2F3-84FA-4734-9E74-FB0F06DB8319
 
X9E956P446||1|82CBE2F3-84FA-4734-9E74-FB0F06DB8319
3T5GSNBU6W|com.github.osxfuse.filesystems.osxfuse|1|82CBE2F3-84FA-4734-9E74-FB0F06DB8319
+
3T5GSNBU6W|com.github.osxfuse.filesystems.osxfuse|1|82CBE2F3-84FA-4734-9E74-FB0F06DB8319</pre>
```
+
<pre>$ cat /var/db/ConfigurationProfiles/Settings/.cloudConfigRecordFound
 
 
```console
 
$ cat /var/db/ConfigurationProfiles/Settings/.cloudConfigRecordFound
 
 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
 
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
 
<plist version="1.0">
 
<plist version="1.0">
 
<dict>
 
<dict>
<key>CloudConfigProfile</key>
+
    <key>CloudConfigProfile</key>
<dict>
+
    <dict>
<key>AllowPairing</key>
+
        <key>AllowPairing</key>
<true/>
+
        <true/>
 
...
 
...
 
   </dict>
 
   </dict>
 
</dict>
 
</dict>
</plsit>
+
</plsit></pre>
```
+
 
  
## Code signing
+
== Code signing ==
  
 
Get code signing information about an app.
 
Get code signing information about an app.
  
```
+
<pre>$ codesign -dvv /Applications/ESET\ Endpoint\ Antivirus.app/Contents/PlugIns/kext/esets_kac_64_109.kext
$ codesign -dvv /Applications/ESET\ Endpoint\ Antivirus.app/Contents/PlugIns/kext/esets_kac_64_109.kext
 
 
Executable=/Applications/ESET Endpoint Antivirus.app/Contents/PlugIns/kext/esets_kac_64_109.kext/Contents/MacOS/esets_kac_64_109
 
Executable=/Applications/ESET Endpoint Antivirus.app/Contents/PlugIns/kext/esets_kac_64_109.kext/Contents/MacOS/esets_kac_64_109
 
Identifier=com.eset.kext.esets-kac
 
Identifier=com.eset.kext.esets-kac
Line 1,250: Line 1,231:
 
TeamIdentifier=P8DQRXPVLP
 
TeamIdentifier=P8DQRXPVLP
 
Sealed Resources version=2 rules=13 files=1
 
Sealed Resources version=2 rules=13 files=1
Internal requirements count=1 size=36
+
Internal requirements count=1 size=36</pre>
```
+
 
  
## PowerChime
+
== PowerChime ==
  
 
The new MacBook Pro machine chimes when it gets power. Annoying??
 
The new MacBook Pro machine chimes when it gets power. Annoying??
  
- https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/265759/how-to-disable-plug-in-sound-on-late-2016-macbook-pro/265763#265763
+
* https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/265759/how-to-disable-plug-in-sound-on-late-2016-macbook-pro/265763#265763
- https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/282752/turning-power-chime-off
+
* https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/282752/turning-power-chime-off
  
## Set static route, and make persistent on boot
+
 
 +
 
 +
== Set static route, and make persistent on boot ==
  
 
https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/219834/how-to-set-network-devices-priority-on-afp-smb-transfers
 
https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/219834/how-to-set-network-devices-priority-on-afp-smb-transfers
Line 1,266: Line 1,249:
 
In the example below I assume the Ethernet router has the IP 192.168.0.1 and the network behind the router is the 192.168.56.0/24 network.
 
In the example below I assume the Ethernet router has the IP 192.168.0.1 and the network behind the router is the 192.168.56.0/24 network.
  
```
+
<pre>sudo route add -net 192.168.56.0  192.168.0.1</pre>
sudo route add -net 192.168.56.0  192.168.0.1
 
```
 
 
 
 
To make this route persistent add a launch daemon on your machines:
 
To make this route persistent add a launch daemon on your machines:
  
```
+
<pre>sudo nano /Library/LaunchDaemons/local.staticroute.shares.plist</pre>
sudo nano /Library/LaunchDaemons/local.staticroute.shares.plist
 
```
 
 
 
 
with the content
 
with the content
  
```xml
+
<syntaxhighlight lang="xml"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 
 
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
 
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
 
<plist version="1.0">
 
<plist version="1.0">
Line 1,296: Line 1,272:
 
     <true/>
 
     <true/>
 
   </dict>
 
   </dict>
</plist>
+
</plist></pre>
```
 
 
 
 
Save the file (Ctrl-O) and quit Nano (Ctrl-X).
 
Save the file (Ctrl-O) and quit Nano (Ctrl-X).
  
 
Load the launch daemon with:
 
Load the launch daemon with:
  
```
+
<pre>sudo launchctl load -w /Library/LaunchDaemons/local.staticroute.shares.plist</pre>
sudo launchctl load -w /Library/LaunchDaemons/local.staticroute.shares.plist
+
To access the shares enter afp://192.168.56.x, cifs://192.168.56.x or smb://192.168.56.x (with x= the last octet of the IP address of the share).
```
+
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
== Open System Preferences as root ==
 +
 
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell">sudo /System/Applications/System\ Preferences.app/Contents/MacOS/System\ Preferences</pre>
  
To access the shares enter afp://192.168.56.x, cifs://192.168.56.x or smb://192.168.56.x (with x= the last octet of the IP address of the share).
 
  
## Open System Preferences as root
+
== macOS Big Sur ==
  
```shell
 
sudo /System/Applications/System\ Preferences.app/Contents/MacOS/System\ Preferences
 
```
 
  
## macOS Big Sur
 
  
### Change the menu bar date/time format
+
=== Change the menu bar date/time format ===
  
 
Update the format using Terminal.
 
Update the format using Terminal.
  
```
+
<pre>defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string &quot;EEE d MMM h:mm a&quot;</pre>
defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "EEE d MMM h:mm a"
+
My prefered version of the command. NOTE: spaces aren’t needed.
```
 
  
My prefered version of the command. NOTE: spaces aren't needed.
+
<pre>defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string &quot;EMdhhmmss&quot;</pre>
  
```
 
defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "EMdhhmmss"
 
```
 
  
### System Extensions
+
=== System Extensions ===
  
 
Get list of loaded extensions.
 
Get list of loaded extensions.
  
```
+
<pre>$ kmutil showloaded</pre>
$ kmutil showloaded
+
Get list of loaded auxillary extensions.
```
 
  
Get list of loaded auxillary extensions.
+
<pre>$ kmutil showloaded --collection auxiliary</pre>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
== macOS Catalina ==
  
```
 
$ kmutil showloaded --collection auxiliary
 
```
 
  
## macOS Catalina
 
  
### Remove "default interactive" warning for bash.
+
=== Remove “default interactive” warning for bash. ===
  
macOS Catalina ships with zsh as the default shell for licensing reasons. To
+
macOS Catalina ships with zsh as the default shell for licensing reasons. To notify users, a warning is presented each time a bash interactive shell is started.
notify users, a warning is presented each time a bash interactive shell is
 
started.
 
  
```
+
<pre>The default interactive shell is now zsh.
The default interactive shell is now zsh.
 
 
To update your account to use zsh, please run `chsh -s /bin/zsh`.
 
To update your account to use zsh, please run `chsh -s /bin/zsh`.
For more details, please visit https://support.apple.com/kb/HT208050.
+
For more details, please visit https://support.apple.com/kb/HT208050.</pre>
```
+
To disable the warning, add this to <code>~/.bash_profile</code> or equivalent.
 
 
To disable the warning, add this to `~/.bash_profile` or equivalent.
 
  
```
+
<pre>export BASH_SILENCE_DEPRECATION_WARNING=1</pre>
export BASH_SILENCE_DEPRECATION_WARNING=1
 
```
 

Latest revision as of 16:04, 8 April 2022

Stuff for macOS and OS X

INFO: [2020-11-19] These notes aren’t fully formatted yet as I’ve simply copied them from my personal notes. I’ll fix them with time.


References

http://serverfault.com/questions/7346/what-are-useful-command-line-commands-on-mac-os-x


Keyboard Shortcut Symbols

Back up and share text replacements on Mac


Symbols

Common symbols used by macOS.

Description Symbol Note
Apple ⌘-Option-K (works on a Mac, but might be different on other OSes)
Command
Delete
Escape ⎋ / ␛
Fn-Down
Fn-Left ↖︎
Fn-Right ↘︎
Fn-Up
Option
Power substitute as there isn’t a good one; http://unicodepowersymbol.com/
Return
Shift
Tab


Accents

Method 1: To type an accented or alternate version of a character, hold a key down until its alternate characters are displayed. (https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201586)

Method 2: Request accent, then character. (http://symbolcodes.tlt.psu.edu/accents/codemac.html)

Method 3: Open Character Palette with Control-Command-Space. Find the desired character, then drag the character with the mouse into place to insert.

Name Example Shortcut + Char
Acute ó Ó Option-E, V
Circumflex ô Ô Option-I, V
Grave ò Ò Option-`, V
Tilde õ Õ Option-N, V (only works with a, n, and o)
Umlaut ö Ö Option-U, V


Letters

Letter Shortcut Description
å Option-A
ç Option-C
ø Option-O
ß Option-S Eszett
æ Option-’


Math Symbols

Approximately : (≈) Option-X Degree : (°) Shift-Option-8 Delta : (∆) Option-J Division : (÷) Option-/ GreaterOrEqual : (≥) Option-. Infinity : (∞) Option-5 Intergal : (∫) Option-B LessOrEqual : (≤) Option-, Micro : (µ) Option-M Ohm : (Ω) Option-Z PartialDerivative : (∂) Option-D PerMil : (‰) Shift-Option-R Pi : (π) Option-P Plus/Minus : (±) Shift-Option-= ProductPi : (∏) Shift-Option-P SquareRoot : (√) Option-V Sum : (∑) Option-W


Punctuation

Copyright : (©) Option+G Dagger : (†) Option+T Dot : (•) Option+8 EmDash : (—) Option+Shift+- EnDash : (–) Option+- Paragraph : (¶) Option+7 Registered : (®) Option+R Section : (§) Option+6 Trademark : (™) Option+2


General

Command-F2 : Act as external display on iMac Command-Delete : Delete a file Command-Shift-3 : Capture screen Command-Shift-4 : Capture window with cursor selection Command-Shift-4 + Space : Capture window Command-Shift-5 : Record cropped window Command-Shift-5 + Space : Record a window Command-Shift-Q : Log out with confirmation Command-Shift-Option-Q : Log out without confirmation


Documents

Key combination Description
⌘-B Boldface the selected text, or turn boldfacing on or off.
⌘-Option-C Copy Style: Copy the formatting settings of the selected item to the Clipboard.
⌘-D Select the Desktop folder from within an Open dialog or Save dialog.
⌘-Control-D Show or hide the definition of the selected word.
⌘-Option-F Go to the search field.
⌘-I Italicise the selected text, or turn italics on or off.
⌘-Option-I Show or hide the inspector window.
⌘-L During software installation, show a log of actions.
⌘-Shift-P Page setup: Display a window for selecting document settings.
⌘-Shift-S Display the ave As dialog, or duplicate the current document.
⌘-T Show or hide the Fonts window.
⌘-Option-T Show or hide a toolbar in the app.
⌘-U Underline the selected text, or turn underlining on or off.
⌘-Option-V Paste Style: Apply the copied style to the selected item.
⌘-Option-Shift-V Paste and Match Style: Apply the style of the surrounding content to the item pasted within that content.
⌘-; Fix misspelled words in the document.
⌘-Shift-: Display the Spelling and Grammar window
⌘-⌫ Select Delete or Don’t Save in a dialog that contains a Delete or Don’t Save button.

Command–DownArrow : Move the insertion point to the end of the document. Command–Equal : … performs the same function. Command–LeftArrow : Move the insertion point to the beginning of the current line. Command–LeftCurlyBracket : Left align. Command–RightArrow : Move the insertion point to the end of the current line. Command–RightCurlyBracket : Right align. Command–Shift–DownArrow : Select the text between the insertion point and the end of the document. Command–Shift–LeftArrow : Select the text between the insertion point and the beginning of the current line. Command–Shift–Minus : Decrease the size of the selected item. Command–Shift–Plus : Increase the size of the selected item. Command–Shift–QuestionMark : Open the Help menu. Command–Shift–RightArrow : Select the text between the insertion point and the end of the current line. Command–Shift–UpArrow : Select the text between the insertion point and the beginning of the document. Command–Shift–VerticalBar : Center align. Command–UpArrow : Move the insertion point to the beginning of the document. Control-A : Move to the beginning of the line or paragraph. Control-B : Move one character backward. Control-D : Delete the character to the right of the insertion point. Or use Fn-Delete. Control-E : Move to the end of a line or paragraph. Control-F : Move one character forward. Control-H : Delete the character to the left of the insertion point. Or use Delete. Control-K : Delete the text between the insertion point and the end of the line or paragraph. Control-L : Center the cursor or selection in the visible area. Control-N : Move down one line. Control-O : Insert a new line after the insertion point. Control-P : Move up one line. Control-T : Swap the character behind the insertion point with the character in front of the insertion point. Fn-Delete : Forward delete on keyboards that don’t have a Forward Delete key. Or use Control-D. Fn–DownArrow : Page Down: Scroll down one page. Fn–LeftArrow : Home: Scroll to the beginning of a document. Fn–RightArrow : End: Scroll to the end of a document. Fn–UpArrow : Page Up: Scroll up one page. Option-Delete : Delete the word to the left of the insertion point. Option–LeftArrow : Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word. Option–RightArrow : Move the insertion point to the end of the next word. Shift–DownArrow : Extend text selection to the nearest character at the same horizontal location on the line below. Shift–LeftArrow : Extend text selection one character to the left. Shift–Option–DownArrow : Extend text selection to the end of the current paragraph, then to the end of the following paragraph if pressed again. Shift–Option–LeftArrow : Extend text selection to the beginning of the current word, then to the beginning of the following word if pressed again. Shift–Option–RightArrow : Extend text selection to the end of the current word, then to the end of the following word if pressed again. Shift–Option–UpArrow : Extend text selection to the beginning of the current paragraph, then to the beginning of the following paragraph if pressed again. Shift–RightArrow : Extend text selection one character to the right. Shift–UpArrow : Extend text selection to the nearest character at the same horizontal location on the line above.


Booting

https://support.apple.com/en-eg/HT201255 http://www.tech-recipes.com/rx/2818/os_x_ten_boot_options_for_leopard/

Key Desc
C Boot from CD/DVD
D / Option-D Diagnostics or Apple Hardware Test mode / via-Internet. 1) Unplug MacBook Pro from power, and fully power off the machine. 2) Power on and press-and-hold the D key. 3) Release when prompted to choose a language.
N Netboot
R PowerBook Display Reset
T Target disk mode
X Startup from OS X instead of from non-OS X startup
⌘-Option-P-R Reset PRAM. Do immediately after powering on, and release after 2nd Apple logo or 20sec, whichever comes first.
⌘-R / ⌘-Option-R OS X Recovery / over the Internet
Command-S Single User Mode
Command-V Verbose Boot
LeftShift-Control-Option-Power Reset SMC. Do with power off. Hold for 10 sec, then power on again.
Left_Mouse / F12 / mouse_button / trackpad_button Eject Media
Option Startup Manager
Option-D Diagnostics or Apple Hardware Test via Internet
Option-N NetBoot using default image
Shift Safe Mode


Downloads

How to create a bootable installer for macOS

10.15 Catalina

sudo /Applications/Install\ macOS\ Catalina.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia \
  --volume /Volumes/MyVolume

10.14 Mojave

sudo /Applications/Install\ macOS\ Mojave.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia \
  --volume /Volumes/MyVolume

10.13 High Sierra

sudo /Applications/Install\ macOS\ High\ Sierra.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia \
  --volume /Volumes/MyVolume

10.12 Yosemite

10.11 El Capitan

sudo /Applications/Install\ OS\ X\ El\ Capitan.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia \
  --volume /Volumes/MyVolume \
  --applicationpath /Applications/Install\ OS\ X\ El\ Capitan.app

10.10 Sierra

$ sudo /Applications/Install\ OS\ X\ Sierra.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia \
  --volume /Volumes/MyVolume \
  --applicationpath /Applications/Install\ OS\ X\ Sierra.app

10.9 Maverics

$ sudo /Applications/Install\ OS\ X\ Mavericks.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia \
  --volume /Volumes/MyVolume \
  --applicationpath /Applications/Install\ OS\ X\ Mavericks.app

Legacy

See also: https://appleinsider.com/articles/19/11/23/how-to-get-an-old-macos-installer-from-apple


File systems

Create ISO from CDR

https://forums.macrumors.com/threads/converting-cdr-to-iso.783690/

Convert a CDR to ISO.

$ hdiutil makehybrid -iso -joliet -o diskimage.iso diskimage.cdr


Write ISO to USB

For bootable images, use one of:

  • Etcherrecommended for bootable CD/DVD
  • UNetbootin – useful if additional FreeDOS boot is needed (e.g. for firmware upgrades)

For data only…

https://snipt.net/w00kie/how-do-i-burn-an-iso-on-a-usb-drive-on-mac-os-x/

Convert the file to a Disk Image. Note a .dmg extension will be added.

$ hdiutil convert -format UDRW -o /path/to/target /path/to/original.iso

Find current devices

$ diskutil list

Unmount device

$ diskutil unmountDisk /dev/diskN

Write to USB

$ sudo dd if=/path/to/target.dmg of=/dev/rdiskN bs=1m

Eject the disk

$ diskutil eject /dev/diskN


Format a disk from the command-line

Format with JHFS+ (Journaled HFS+) with a GPT partition layout.

diskutil eraseDisk jhfs+ "ICY BOX 500G" gpt /dev/diskX


Create custom CoreStorage drive

http://www.cnet.com/how-to/how-to-make-a-custom-corestorage-drive-in-os-x/

Create a CoreStorage volume. Will be using disk0 (SSD) and disk1 (HDD).

Partition all drives to be part of CS with single GUID partition, named ‘Untitled’. Then determine their drive names

$ diskutil list

Create the logical volume group. Note the 1st drive is the SSD drive, and 2nd is drive is the HDD.

$ diskutil cs create Macintosh\ LVG disk0 disk1

List CS volumes

$ diskutil cs list

Create volume in the volume group using UUID of LVG

$ diskutil cs createVolume UUID jhfs+ Macintosh\ HD 100%

If desired, encrypt the logical volume just created

$ diskutil cs list
$ diskutil cs encryptVolume UUID

Delete a CS LVG.

$ diskutil cs delete UUID


Get serial number of drive

$ ioreg -l |less

ditto

Mirror directories in OS X, preserving all ownership and permission data.

# ditto -V /Users /Volumes/SecondaryHD/Users


Write DMG to disk

http://coolestguyplanettech.com/downtown/how-image-mac-os-x-107-lion-command-lineterminal

  1. Mount the destination drive
  2. Issue this command, replacing source and destination paths
$ asr restore \
--source /path-to-source-dmg-image \
--target /Volumes/path-to-destination-volume \
--erase \
--format HFS+ \
--noverify
  • The –erase will erase the destination format
  • The –format is optional and only required if the destination needs to be reformatted
  • The –noverify is optional and skips verification - but obviously doesn’t verify a successful restore.


Mount DMG as disk – loopback

http://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/9284/does-mac-have-something-similar-to-a-linux-loop-device

The upgrade from MacOS 10.12.1 to 10.12.2 broke my APFS formatted Ableton SDCard drive. Ugh :-(. Luckily I still had a machine running 10.12.1, so I figured I’d try to fix things.

I started by dumping the raw disk /dev/disk2 using dd.

$ dd if=/dev/disk2 of=/Volumes/Samsung_T1/Ableton-d2.dmg bs=1m

Mount the disk. Note: I could have added the -nomount option after attach to have prevented the disk from actually mounting.

$ hdiutil attach /Volumes/Samsung_T1/Ableton-d2.dmg
/dev/disk2              GUID_partition_scheme
/dev/disk2s1            EFI
/dev/disk2s2            Apple_APFS
/dev/disk2s2s1          41504653-0000-11AA-AA11-0030654

Yay!


APFS

Sparse image

Create a sparse image with APFS.

$ hdiutil create -fs APFS -size 1GB foo.sparseimage

Physical disk

Partition the disk

$ sudo diskutil partitionDisk disk2 APFS Untitled 100%

Existing partition

Create APFS container.

$ diskutil apfs createContainer /dev/disk2s2

Create APFS volume in an APFS container.

$ diskutil apfs addVolume disk2s2 APFS newAPFS

FSCK.

$ fsck_apfs /dev/disk2s2


NFS

Change default behavior to work better with Linux servers.

/etc/nfs.conf

# Generated automatically by NFS Manager 2016-10-19 23:06:36 +0000
nfs.client.allow_async = 1
nfs.client.nfsiod_thread_max = 128
nfs.client.mount.options = nfc,intr
nfs.client.is_mobile = 0


Restart autofs without rebooting.

Use the automount command.

$ sudo automount -vc

Alternatively, use launchctl.

$ sudo launchctl stop com.apple.autofsd


Partitioning

References

Get list of info

$ diskutil list

Format an entire drive as APFS

# command verb disk boot_record filesystem name size
$ diskutil partitionDisk /dev/diskX GPT APFS NewName 0b

Arguments:

  • Boot Records
    • GPT (GUID Partition Table)
    • MBR (Master Boot Record)
  • Filesystems
    • APFS (Apple File System – beta in Sierra 10.12.1)
    • ExFAT
    • FAT32
    • HFS+ (Apple HFS+)


Locked files or folders

Look at the current flags:

$ ls -lO /path/to/folder

Unlock them with:

$ chflags nouchg /path/to/locked/folder

or with:

$ SetFile -a l /path/to/locked/folder


Networking

Thunderbolt and PCIe Ethernet in macOS -- includes a good overview of the Ethernet chips used, and which ones work and don't work.

Cookbook

Homebrew

The ftp and telnet are no longer included with macOS, but can be installed with Brew.

$ brew install inetutils


Resize a sparse bundle

Unmount the image, and follow commands below.

Compact the image (size stays the same).

hdiutil compact filename.sparsebundle

Increase the size of the image (e.g. 8G to 12G).

hdiutil resize -size 12G filename.sparsebundle


Paragraph Sorting Service

http://www.macosxautomation.com/services/learn/tut03/index.html

  1. Open Automator.
  2. Create a new “Service” workflow.
  3. Configure workflow.
    1. Service receives selected > text
    2. in > any application
    3. check < Replaces selected text


Disable the Swoosh animation for Mac OS X Spaces

macOS [10.12)

System Preferences > Accessibility > Display > Reduce motion

macOS (10.11]

$ defaults write com.apple.dock \
   workspaces-swoosh-animation-off \
   -bool YES &&
   killall Dock


Change screen capture behavior.

Disable shadow on screen capture.

$ defaults write com.apple.screencapture disable-shadow -bool TRUE
$ killall SystemUIServer

Change the location of screen captures.

$ defaults write com.apple.screencapture location ~/Pictures/Screenshots

Change the prefix of the screen capture filename.

$ defaults write com.apple.screencapture name "Pretty Picture"
$ killall SystemUIServer

Take a screen capture as PDF (PNG is default).

$ defaults write com.apple.screencapture type pdf


(En|Dis)able Bonjour Announcements (10.5+)

Disable

$ sudo launchctl unload -w /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.mDNSResponder.plist

Enable

$ sudo launchctl load -w /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.mDNSResponder.plist

To leave it enabled, but not announce things via multicast DNS, edit the plist and add this line to the mDNSResponder options.

<string>-NoMulticastAdvertisements</string>


Time Machine

Change backup frequency (10.5+) http://hints.macworld.com/article.php?story=200710291721156

Edit /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.backupd-auto.plist and update the StartInterval setting. 3600[s] is 1h.


Cron’d stuff

See entry at Oct 19, ’10 08:03:30PM in http://hints.macworld.com/article.php?story=200710291721156


Sleep

Sleep machine from command-line (10.5+)

$ pmset sleepnow

pmset

See ‘man pmset’ for more info. For 10.4 and prior, see http://www.snoize.com/SleepNow/.

Figure out why machine isn’t sleeping.

$ pmset -g assertions

Log sleep/wake messages

$ pmset -g pslog

View the logs later

$ pmset -g


(En|Dis)able swap

http://hints.macworld.com/article.php?story=201106020948369

Disable

$ sudo launchctl unload -w /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.dynamic_pager.plist
$ sudo rm /private/var/vm/swapfile*

Enable

$ sudo launchctl load -w /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.dynamic_pager.plist


SMART

http://hints.macworld.com/article.php?story=20031122041138373

Get SMART status from the command-line

# diskutil list
# diskutil info diskX |grep SMART

sysctl

Performance Tuning the Network Stack Mac OS X

Versions: [10.5-10.8)

Put data into /etc/sysctl.conf.

kern.ipc.maxsockbuf=4194304
kern.ipc.somaxconn=512
kern.ipc.nmbclusters=2048
net.inet.tcp.rfc1323=1
net.inet.tcp.win_scale_factor=3
net.inet.tcp.sockthreshold=16
net.inet.tcp.sendspace=262144
net.inet.tcp.recvspace=262144
net.inet.tcp.mssdflt=1440
net.inet.tcp.msl=15000
net.inet.tcp.always_keepalive=0
net.inet.tcp.delayed_ack=0
net.inet.tcp.slowstart_flightsize=4
net.inet.tcp.blackhole=2
net.inet.udp.blackhole=1
net.inet.icmp.icmplim=50

Change these values for [10.8)

kern.ipc.maxsockbuf=8388608

# Enable support for 9000+ byte packets.
# https://blah.cloud/hardware/test-jumbo-frames-working/
net.inet.raw.maxdgram=16384

(old) Recommended values for /etc/sysctl.conf.

key default recommended notes
net.inet.tcp.mssdflt 512 1440
net.inet.tcp.win_scale_factor 3 10
net.inet.tcp.sendspace 65536 2097152 1/2 of kern.ipc.maxsockbuf
net.inet.tcp.recvspace 65536 2097152 1/2 of kern.ipc.maxsockbuf


Spotlight

Check status of Spotlight

# mdutil -s /

Enable Spotlight

# mdutil -i on /

Rebuilt database

# mdutil -E /


Restart Finder from the Terminal

http://thewayeye.net/2012/january/4/how-restart-finder-terminal

Kill Finder

$ sudo killall Finder

Manually start if it doesn’t automatically

$ open /System/Library/CoreServices/Finder.app

If all else fails, reboot

$ shutdown -r


Extract contents of a Payload file

These are basically compressed cpio files.

$ cat Payload |gzip -d |cpio -id


Firewall

List apps allowed/blocked by firewall.

$ sudo /usr/libexec/ApplicationFirewall/socketfilterfw --listapps


dtrace and other scripts

http://dtrace.org/blogs/brendan/2011/10/10/top-10-dtrace-scripts-for-mac-os-x/


Power management

Get history of power management events

$ pmset -g log |less


Icon sets

http://blog.macsales.com/28492-create-your-own-custom-icons-in-10-7-5-or-later

Create PNG files.

Filename Image Size (in pixels)
icon_512x512@2x.png 1024 x 1024
icon_512x512.png 512 x 512
icon_256x256@2x.png 512 x 512
icon_256x256.png 256 x 256
icon_128x128@2x.png 256 x 256
icon_128x128.png 128 x 128
icon_32x32@2x.png 64 x 64
icon_32x32.png 32 x 32
icon_16x16@2x.png 32 x 32
icon_16x16.png 16 x 16

Create an myicon.iconset folder, and put all files in that folder.

Create a myicon.icns file.

$ iconutil -c icns /path/to/myicon.iconset

Get info about the drive / file, and copy the myicon.icns file over the drive icon of the file.


Kill parentalcontrolsd regularly

Create the following plist as /Library/LaunchDaemons/com.forestent.noparentalcontrolsd with root as owner.

<syntaxhighlight lang="xml"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd"> <plist version="1.0"> <dict>

 <key>Label</key>
 <string>com.stevenlin.antiparent</string>
 <key>ProgramArguments</key>
 <array>
   <string>/bin/launchctl</string>
   <string>kill</string>
   <string>SIGSTOP</string>
   <string>system/com.apple.familycontrols</string>
 </array>
 <key>Nice</key>
 <integer>1</integer>
 <key>StartInterval</key>
 <integer>600</integer>
 <key>RunAtLoad</key>
 <true/>

</dict>

</plist>

Load the plist.

$ sudo launchctl load /Library/LaunchDaemons/com.forestent.noparentalcontrolsd


Install a package from the command-line

Use /usr/sbin/installer.

$ sudo installer -pkg /path/to/package.pkg -target /
sudo installer -pkg macOSUpd10.14.3.pkg -target / -verboseR -dumplog 2>&1 |tee ~/var/log/macOSUpd10.14.3.log


Upgrade software from the command-line

Use softwareupdate.

$ softwareupdate -l
Software Update Tool

Fining available software

If the updater is hitting problems, e.g. unable to contact update servers, consider resetting the catalogs. (Was needed for 10.14.3 at Google.)

<syntaxhighlight lang="shell">sudo softwareupdate --clear-catalog


Change visibility of hidden folders

Use /usr/bin/chflags.

$ chflags nohidden ~/Library


Force RGB Mode (a.k.a. fix horrible fonts)

http://www.iphonetopics.com/force-rgb-mode-in-mac-os-x/

Misc. Utilities

Expansion Slot Utility

The utility is located in /System/Library/CoreServices and is used to configure the performance of the PCI slots.


Fonts

https://discussions.apple.com/thread/3646002?tstart=0 http://www.thexlab.com/faqs/undofontbook.html http://www.jklstudios.com/misc/osxfonts.htm


pmset

Get the current settings

$ pmset -g
System-wide power settings:
Currently in use:
 standby              1
 Sleep On Power Button 1
 womp                 0
 autorestart          0
 hibernatefile        /var/vm/sleepimage
 powernap             1
 gpuswitch            2
 networkoversleep     0
 disksleep            10
 sleep                60 (sleep prevented by backupd, AddressBookSourceSync, nsurlsessiond, nsurlsessiond, nsurlsessiond, nsurlsessiond, nsurlsessiond)
 autopoweroffdelay    28800
 hibernatemode        0
 autopoweroff         1
 ttyskeepawake        1
 displaysleep         60
 standbydelay         10800

autopoweroff

This is the reason my 2013 Mac Pro wakes so slowly from sleep each morning.

https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201635

autopoweroff is enabled by default on supported platforms as an implementation of Lot 6 to the European Energy-related Products Directive. After sleeping for autopoweroffdelay seconds, the system will write a hibernation image and go into a lower power chipset sleep. Wakeups from this state will take longer than wakeups from regular sleep.

bputil

https://keith.github.io/xcode-man-pages/bputil.1.html

Utility to precisely modify the security settings on Apple Silicon Macs

trustd

https://sneak.berlin/20201112/your-computer-isnt-yours/

This makes requests to ocsp.apple.com each and every time an app is opened. Ugh.


Troubleshooting

https://github.com/upekkha/AppleHardwareTest


Previous shutdown cause

Look at the log on the command-line, and compare to documented causes can be found on this blog.

$ log show --predicate 'eventMessage contains "Previous shutdown cause:"'
Skipping info and debug messages, pass --info and/or --debug to include.
Filtering the log data using "eventMessage CONTAINS "Previous shutdown cause:""
Timestamp                       Thread     Type        Activity             PID
2017-11-30 17:12:25.019394+0100 0x379      Default     0x0                  0      kernel: (AppleSMC) Previous shutdown cause: 3
2017-12-06 18:16:46.306853+0100 0x3ff      Default     0x0                  0      kernel: (AppleSMC) Previous shutdown cause: 5
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Log      - Default:          2, Info:                0, Debug:             0, Error:          0, Fault:          0
Activity - Create:           0, Transition:          0, Actions:           0


Mouse Lag

Try turning off the mouse, removing it from the Bluetooth preferences window, and repairing the device.

On the Mac Pro (Late 2013) model, Wi-Fi seems to interfere with the Bluetooth signal such that the mouse lags. Disable Wi-Fi if possible, or use a hardwired mouse.


DNS resolution

Get dump of resolvers

$ scutil --dns


Reset DNS cache

OS X <= 10.9.* && >= 10.10.4

$ sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder

OS X 10.10.0 - 10.10.3

$ sudo discoveryutil mdnsflushcache


Finder – “File is damaged”

Finder is reporting “File is damaged” and “Move to Trash” or “Unmount disk”. If you know the file is fine, remove the quarantine xattr, and try again.

$ xattr -d com.apple.quarantine /path/to/file


Cannot verify installer

http://www.macrumors.com/2016/03/03/older-os-x-installers-broken-by-certificate/

Installers downloaded before Feb 14 2016 will not validate because the certificate used to sign the installer expired. To work around the issue, quit out of the installer, set the date back, and rerun the installer.

$ date 0201010116

Alternatively, a newer version of the installer can be downloaded. Unfortunately, older OS X installs won’t be available, so the date method must be used.


Look at available Wi-Fi networks

http://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/131852/how-do-you-force-a-5-ghz-wifi-connection

Scan for network BSSIDs.

/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/Apple80211.framework/Versions/Current/Resources/airport scan
                            SSID BSSID             RSSI CHANNEL HT CC SECURITY (auth/unicast/group)
                         Valerie c0:25:06:cf:0c:d3 -78  100,+1  Y  DE WPA2(PSK/AES/AES)
                         Valerie c0:25:06:cf:0c:d7 -69  11      Y  DE WPA2(PSK/AES/AES)

For <=10.6 use a different command.

/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/Apple80211.framework/Versions/Current/Resources/airport --associate=XXX --bssid=YYY


Downgrade from High Sierra to Sierra

https://www.imore.com/how-downgrade-macos

Technically, a downgrade isn’t possible from backup :-(

Erase a disk with the MacOS Extended (Journaled) format, with a name of Untitled.

Create install media, using /Volume/Untitled as destination volume.

  • The volume will again be erased, so it is OK to use the old volume name.
  • The --applicationpath must be the fully qualified path.
$ sudo /Applications/Install\ macOS\ High\ Sierra.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia \
  --volume /Volumes/Untitled \
  --applicationpath "/Applications/Install macOS Sierra.app"
Ready to start.
To continue we need to erase the disk at /Volumes/Untitled.
If you wish to continue type (Y) then press return: y
Erasing Disk: 0%... 10%... 20%... 30%...100%...
Copying installer files to disk...
Copy complete.
Making disk bootable...
Copying boot files...
Copy complete.
Done.


Adjust macOS font smoothing

Font smoothing

https://software.com/mac/tweaks/change-font-smoothing

Display the current font smoothing:

$ defaults -currentHost read -globalDomain AppleFontSmoothing

Change the font smoothing (0=off, 1=light, 2=Medium/flat panel, 3=strong/blurred) This is mostly needed for non-Apple displays. Restart applications to see the effect

$ defaults -currentHost write -globalDomain AppleFontSmoothing -int 0

Delete the setting completely (restore default)

$ defaults -currentHost delete -globalDomain AppleFontSmoothing

Set the font anti-aliasing minimum sizes, globally or per-application:

$ defaults -currentHost write .GlobalPreferences AppleSmoothFontsSizeThreshold -int 16
$ defaults -currentHost write .GlobalPreferences AppleFontSmoothing -int 0
$ defaults -currentHost write com.apple.safari AppleAntiAliasingThreshold -int 16


Anti-aliasing

Read the current value.

$ defaults read NSGlobalDomain AppleAntiAliasingThreshold
4

The anti-aliasing can be configured per application. (https://ss64.com/osx/syntax-defaults.html)

$ defaults -currentHost write com.apple.safari AppleAntiAliasingThreshold -int 16


Misc

Commands looking at profile enrollment at work.

Profile enrollment of some sort?

$ profiles status -type enrollment
$ sudo profiles list
_computerlevel[1] attribute: profileIdentifier: com.google.corp.gmac.applicationaccess
_computerlevel[2] attribute: profileIdentifier: com.google.corp.gmac.chrome.extension.passwordalert
_computerlevel[3] attribute: profileIdentifier: com.google.corp.gmac.networkprofile
_computerlevel[4] attribute: profileIdentifier: com.google.corp.gmac.chrome.extensionsettings
_computerlevel[5] attribute: profileIdentifier: com.google.corp.gmac.bird
_computerlevel[6] attribute: profileIdentifier: com.google.mdm.profile.kext
_computerlevel[7] attribute: profileIdentifier: com.google.mdm.profile.initial
_computerlevel[8] attribute: profileIdentifier: com.google.corp.gmac.touchid
_computerlevel[9] attribute: profileIdentifier: com.google.corp.gmac.internetsharing
_computerlevel[10] attribute: profileIdentifier: com.google.corp.gmac.sparkle
_computerlevel[11] attribute: profileIdentifier: com.google.corp.gmac.management
_computerlevel[12] attribute: profileIdentifier: com.google.corp.gmac.restor
_computerlevel[13] attribute: profileIdentifier: com.google.corp.gmac.chrome.extension.detangle
_computerlevel[14] attribute: profileIdentifier: com.google.corp.gmac.chrome
_computerlevel[15] attribute: profileIdentifier: com.google.corp.gmac.santa
_computerlevel[16] attribute: profileIdentifier: com.google.corp.gmac.spotlight
_computerlevel[17] attribute: profileIdentifier: com.google.corp.gmac.prefpanes
There are 17 system configuration profiles installed
$ sudo profiles show -type enrollment
Device Enrollment configuration:
{
    AllowPairing = 1;
    AwaitDeviceConfigured = 1;
    ConfigurationURL = "https://emmapplecodevice.googleapis.com/v1/_/deviceserver/C02h8e9nw/setup?key=AIzaSyAdMVj0IzE7K6u90EkdmoVTc_79_hO1i5w";
    IsMDMUnremovable = 0;
    IsMandatory = 1;
    IsSupervised = 1;
    OrganizationAddress = "1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, n/a, , Mountain VIew, CA 94043";
    OrganizationAddressLine1 = "1600 Amphitheatre Parkway";
    OrganizationAddressLine2 = "n/a";
    OrganizationCity = "Mountain VIew";
    OrganizationCountry = USA;
    OrganizationEmail = "abma@google.com";
    OrganizationName = "Google LLC";
    OrganizationPhone = 12125658743;
    OrganizationZipCode = 94043;
    SkipSetup =     (
        AppleID,
        Siri,
        iCloudDiagnostics
    );
}


Kernel extensions

Get list of approved kernel extensions (e.g. TripMode and Intel Power).

$ echo 'select * from kext_policy; ' | sudo sqlite3 /var/db/SystemPolicyConfiguration/KextPolicy
78UFGP42EU|ch.tripmode.TripModeNKE|1|Ludovic LEGER|1
Z3L495V9L4|com.intel.driver.EnergyDriver|1|Intel Corporation Apps|1
$ echo 'select * from kext_policy_mdm;' | sudo sqlite3 /var/db/SystemPolicyConfiguration/KextPolicy
EQHXZ8M8AV||1|82CBE2F3-84FA-4734-9E74-FB0F06DB8319
P8DQRXPVLP||1|82CBE2F3-84FA-4734-9E74-FB0F06DB8319
X9E956P446||1|82CBE2F3-84FA-4734-9E74-FB0F06DB8319
3T5GSNBU6W|com.github.osxfuse.filesystems.osxfuse|1|82CBE2F3-84FA-4734-9E74-FB0F06DB8319
$ cat /var/db/ConfigurationProfiles/Settings/.cloudConfigRecordFound
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
    <key>CloudConfigProfile</key>
    <dict>
        <key>AllowPairing</key>
        <true/>
...
  </dict>
</dict>
</plsit>


Code signing

Get code signing information about an app.

$ codesign -dvv /Applications/ESET\ Endpoint\ Antivirus.app/Contents/PlugIns/kext/esets_kac_64_109.kext
Executable=/Applications/ESET Endpoint Antivirus.app/Contents/PlugIns/kext/esets_kac_64_109.kext/Contents/MacOS/esets_kac_64_109
Identifier=com.eset.kext.esets-kac
Format=bundle with Mach-O thin (x86_64)
CodeDirectory v=20200 size=759 flags=0x0(none) hashes=18+3 location=embedded
Signature size=9055
Authority=Developer ID Application: ESET, spol. s r.o. (P8DQRXPVLP)
Authority=Developer ID Certification Authority
Authority=Apple Root CA
Timestamp=22 Aug 2018 at 19:39:32
Info.plist entries=19
TeamIdentifier=P8DQRXPVLP
Sealed Resources version=2 rules=13 files=1
Internal requirements count=1 size=36


PowerChime

The new MacBook Pro machine chimes when it gets power. Annoying??


Set static route, and make persistent on boot

https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/219834/how-to-set-network-devices-priority-on-afp-smb-transfers

In the example below I assume the Ethernet router has the IP 192.168.0.1 and the network behind the router is the 192.168.56.0/24 network.

sudo route add -net 192.168.56.0  192.168.0.1

To make this route persistent add a launch daemon on your machines:

sudo nano /Library/LaunchDaemons/local.staticroute.shares.plist

with the content

<syntaxhighlight lang="xml"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd"> <plist version="1.0"> <dict>

   <key>Label</key>
   <string>local.staticroute.shares</string>
   <key>ProgramArguments</key>
   <array>
     <string>route</string>
     <string>add</string>
     <string>-net</string>
     <string>192.168.56.0</string>
     <string>192.168.0.1</string>
   </array>
   <key>RunAtLoad</key>
   <true/>
 </dict>

</plist>

Save the file (Ctrl-O) and quit Nano (Ctrl-X).

Load the launch daemon with:

sudo launchctl load -w /Library/LaunchDaemons/local.staticroute.shares.plist

To access the shares enter afp://192.168.56.x, cifs://192.168.56.x or smb://192.168.56.x (with x= the last octet of the IP address of the share).


Open System Preferences as root

<syntaxhighlight lang="shell">sudo /System/Applications/System\ Preferences.app/Contents/MacOS/System\ Preferences


macOS Big Sur

Change the menu bar date/time format

Update the format using Terminal.

defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "EEE d MMM h:mm a"

My prefered version of the command. NOTE: spaces aren’t needed.

defaults write com.apple.menuextra.clock DateFormat -string "EMdhhmmss"


System Extensions

Get list of loaded extensions.

$ kmutil showloaded

Get list of loaded auxillary extensions.

$ kmutil showloaded --collection auxiliary


macOS Catalina

Remove “default interactive” warning for bash.

macOS Catalina ships with zsh as the default shell for licensing reasons. To notify users, a warning is presented each time a bash interactive shell is started.

The default interactive shell is now zsh.
To update your account to use zsh, please run `chsh -s /bin/zsh`.
For more details, please visit https://support.apple.com/kb/HT208050.

To disable the warning, add this to ~/.bash_profile or equivalent.

export BASH_SILENCE_DEPRECATION_WARNING=1